Learn 99 questions from KAS Prelims Paper-1

KAS Prelims Paper-1 Questions

The "Temple Entry Proclamation" of 1936 was issued by Maharaja Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma of Travancore. On November 12, 1936, the Maharajah of Travancore signed the historic Temple Entry Proclamation, and “in one bold stroke, the age long injustice of barring lower castes from entering temple was removed.”

Sadhujana Paripalana Sangham (SJPS): <ul class="ChallengerEditorTheme__ul_dark" style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li value="1" class="ChallengerEditorTheme__listItem_dark">Founder: Ayyankali, a prominent social reformer in Kerala</li><li value="2" class="ChallengerEditorTheme__listItem_dark">Year of Establishment: 1907</li><li value="3" class="ChallengerEditorTheme__listItem_dark">Inspiration: Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam, another social reform organization</li></ul>Key Objectives:<ul class="ChallengerEditorTheme__ul_dark" style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li value="1" class="ChallengerEditorTheme__listItem_dark">Upliftment of the Pulaya community, a marginalized group in Kerala</li><li value="2" class="ChallengerEditorTheme__listItem_dark">Eradication of caste discrimination and untouchability</li><li value="3" class="ChallengerEditorTheme__listItem_dark">Promotion of education and social welfare among the Pulaya community</li></ul>Evolution of the Organization:<ul class="ChallengerEditorTheme__ul_dark" style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li value="1" class="ChallengerEditorTheme__listItem_dark">1907: Founded as Sadhujana Paripalana Sangham</li><li value="2" class="ChallengerEditorTheme__listItem_dark">1938: Renamed as Pulaya Maha Sabha</li><li value="3" class="ChallengerEditorTheme__listItem_dark">1942: Merged with Samasta Thiruvithamkoor Pulaya Maha Sabha, a broader organization representing the Pulaya community</li></ul>Sadhujana Paripalini:<ul class="ChallengerEditorTheme__ul_dark" style="color: rgb(255,255,255);"><li value="1" class="ChallengerEditorTheme__listItem_dark">The official mouthpiece of SJPS</li><li value="2" class="ChallengerEditorTheme__listItem_dark">Edited by Chembathara Kali Chodikkaran, a prominent Pulaya leader</li><li value="3" class="ChallengerEditorTheme__listItem_dark">Published by Sudarshana Press, Changanassery</li><li value="4" class="ChallengerEditorTheme__listItem_dark">Significance: Noted as the first Malayalam-language newspaper published by a Dalit community in Kerala (1913)</li></ul>

Famous message by Narayana Guru at the event: "Not to argue and win, but to know and grow."

The Madras Estates Land Act of 1908 was primarily designed to protect the rights of ryots (tenant farmers) in the Madras Presidency by regulating rent and ensuring some degree of tenure security.

Clause relating to the standardization of land revenue

Clause concerning the definition of "private land" and its implications for customary tenures

Clause regarding the introduction of new irrigation systems

Clause pertaining to the regulation of timber extraction

 Cuban Missile Crisis ended with the establishment of a direct communication line between the USA and the USSR to avoid future confrontation

Siam was a French colony in the late 19th century

 Balkan nationalism generated in the context of the decline of the Austro Hungarian and the Ottoman Empire

 Meiji Restoration marked the beginning of industrialization and westernization in Japan

The Portuguese–Calicut Trade Accord of 1513 was a significant turning point in the history of maritime trade in the Malabar region. It was signed between the Portuguese and the Zamorin of Calicut, a powerful local ruler who had earlier resisted Portuguese control.

The Portuguese-Calicut Trade Accord (1513)

The Ottoman-Travancore Maritime Pact (1625)

let 'm' be the mother's current age and 'd' be the daughter's current age.

15 years ago mother's age = m-15
15 years ago daughter's age = d-15

the mothers age was twice the daughter's age
m-15=2(d-15)
m-2d = -15 --(1)

in 3 years mothers age will be m+3 and daughters will be d+3
the sum of their ages will be 99
(m+3)+(d+3)=99
m+d=93 --------(2)

(2) - (1) = >
(m+d)-(m-2d)=93-(-15)
3d=108
d=36

substitute d in ---(2)
m+36=93
m=93-36 = 57

the difference between their present age is m-d = 57-36=21

This meeting deeply influenced Gandhi, who later became actively involved in the anti-untouchability movement in Kerala, including support for the Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–25).

The inauguration of the Travancore Legislative Assembly

The founding of the All India Harijan Sevak Sangh

The Kakinada session of the Indian National Congress in 1923

USA, USSR, China, Japan and Western Europe

i-Vajrasoochi, ii-Dhanvanthari, iii-Vivekodayam, iv-Paropakari

i-Paropakari, ii-Vajrasoochi, iii-Vivekodayam, iv-Dhanvanthari

i-Dhanvanthari, ii - Vajrasoochi, iii - Vivekodayam, iv - Paropakari

i-Dhanvanthari, ii-Vivekodayam, iii-Vajrasoochi, iv-Paropakari

The Treaty of Locarno was a series of agreements signed in 1925 in Locarno, Switzerland, aimed at securing peace in post–World War I Europe and stabilizing the western borders of Germany.

The Organization of African Unity (OAU) was established on May 25, 1963, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, by 32 independent African nations. It was the first continent-wide African political organization.

Eradicate colonialism from African continent

Resolve border disputes among African States

Promote economic and social cooperation among the African people

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Composition of Earth's Atmosphere: Abundance Explained</h3>
Understanding the relative abundance of gases in the Earth's atmosphere is fundamental for various scientific disciplines and a common topic in competitive examinations. Here's a breakdown of the main components from most to least abundant:

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">1. Nitrogen (N₂)</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Abundance: Approximately 78.09% of the dry atmosphere by volume.</li>
 <li>Characteristics: Nitrogen is a relatively unreactive gas in its atmospheric form.</li>
 <li>Importance: It is crucial for life, as it's a key component of amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids.</li>
 <li>Exam Fact: Nitrogen fixation (conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into usable compounds) is carried out by certain bacteria and lightning. The nitrogen cycle is a vital biogeochemical cycle.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">2. Oxygen (O₂)</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Abundance: Approximately 20.95% of the dry atmosphere by volume.</li>
 <li>Characteristics: Highly reactive gas, essential for respiration in most living organisms and for combustion processes.</li>
 <li>Importance: Produced primarily by photosynthesis from plants and phytoplankton.</li>
 <li>Exam Fact: The Great Oxidation Event, around 2.4 billion years ago, led to a significant increase in atmospheric oxygen, paving the way for the evolution of complex life.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">3. Argon (Ar)</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Abundance: Approximately 0.93% of the dry atmosphere by volume.</li>
 <li>Characteristics: It is an inert (noble) gas, meaning it does not readily react with other substances.</li>
 <li>Importance: Used in various industrial applications like incandescent and fluorescent lighting, and as an inert shielding gas in welding.</li>
 <li>Exam Fact: Argon is the third most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere, despite being a noble gas. It is primarily formed from the radioactive decay of Potassium-40.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">4. Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Abundance: Approximately 0.04% or 415 ppm (parts per million) by volume, though this value is increasing due to human activities.</li>
 <li>Characteristics: A greenhouse gas that plays a vital role in trapping heat in the atmosphere, contributing to the Earth's natural greenhouse effect.</li>
 <li>Importance: Essential for photosynthesis (plants use it to produce food).</li>
 <li>Exam Fact: Despite its small percentage, CO₂ has a significant impact on global climate. Its concentration has risen sharply since the industrial revolution, primarily due to the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Other Trace Gases:</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>The remaining fraction of the atmosphere includes tiny amounts of other gases like Neon (Ne), Helium (He), Methane (CH₄), Krypton (Kr), Hydrogen (H₂), and Xenon (Xe), along with variable amounts of water vapor (H₂O).</li>
 <li>Water vapor is highly variable (0-4%) and is also a significant greenhouse gas.</li>
</ul>

Oru vazhiyum kure nizhalukalum, Agnisakshi, Alahayude Penmakkal, Aaraachaar

Aaraachaar, Alahayude Penmakkal, Oru vazhiyum kure nizhalukalum, Agnisakshi

Alahayude Penmakkal, Aaraachaar, Agnisakshi, Oru vazhiyum kure nizhalukalum

Agnisakshi, Oru vazhiyum kure nizhalukalum, Alahayude Penmakkal, Aaraachaar

Angle= hour × 30 - 11/2 × minute 

= 10 × 30 - 11/2 × 10

= 300 - 55

= 245

Amit does not live in Delhi or Aman lives in Mumbai

Amit lives in Delhi and Aman lives in Mumbal.

Amit does not live in Delhi and Aman lives in Mumbai

Amit does not live in Delhi or Aman does not live in Mumbai

CLASS -----> UUCNE
S+2 --> U
S+2 --> U
A+2 --> C 
L+2 --> N
C+2 --> E

SECTION
 N+2 --> P
O+2 --> Q
I +2 --> K
T+2 --> V
C+2 --> E
E+2 --> G
S+2 -->U

Let the cost price of the article be Rs. X

Then selling price= 0.9X

.9X + 100 = 110%of X

0.9X + 100 = 1.1X

0.2X = 100

X = 100/0.2

  = 500

+ => daughter
÷ => mother
x => son
- => father

P and T are sisters


P+Q-RXS÷T

3,9, 15, ... Are the common terms 

That is common terms are multiples of 3 

So from the options find the term that is a multiple of 3

From the given options 597 is the only term that is a multiple of 3 

So the answer is 597

Given that 2025 march 15 is Saturday

So  find 2050 march 15

From 2025 to 2050 there are 25 years and 6 leap years

Add both the numbers 

25 + 6 = 31

Divide 31 by 7 we get reminder as 3

So 2050 March 15 = Saturday+ 3 = Tuesday 

2050 March 13 is Sunday 

So sundays in 2050 March are 6, 13, 20, 27

Difference= P×R²(300 + R)/100³

= 10000 × 15/100 × 15/100 × 315/100

= 708.75

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Understanding Earth's Core</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>The Earth's interior is composed of several distinct layers: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.</li>
 <li>These layers differ significantly in their chemical composition, temperature, pressure, and physical state.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">The Outer Core: A Liquid Layer</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>The outer core is located approximately between 2,900 km and 5,150 km below the Earth's surface.</li>
 <li>It is primarily composed of liquid iron and nickel, along with traces of other lighter elements.</li>
 <li>The temperature in the outer core ranges from about 4,400°C to 6,100°C.</li>
 <li>The convective flow of this liquid metallic outer core is responsible for generating Earth's geomagnetic field through a process known as the geodynamo.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">The Inner Core: A Solid Enigma</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>The inner core extends from about 5,150 km to the Earth's center, at roughly 6,371 km depth.</li>
 <li>Despite extremely high temperatures, estimated to be similar to the surface of the Sun (around 5,200°C to 6,200°C), the inner core remains in a solid state.</li>
 <li>It is also primarily composed of an iron-nickel alloy.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">The Role of Immense Pressure</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>The assertion highlights the critical role of immense pressure at the Earth's center.</li>
 <li>Although the inner core's temperature is well above the melting point of iron at surface pressure, the colossal pressure prevents the iron and nickel atoms from moving freely and forming a liquid.</li>
 <li>Pressure raises the melting point of a material; at the Earth's center, the pressure is so immense (over 3.5 million times atmospheric pressure) that it forces the iron-nickel alloy into a solid, crystalline structure.</li>
 <li>This phenomenon demonstrates that pressure can override the effect of temperature in determining the physical state of matter.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Key Facts for Competitive Exams</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>The Earth's core (both inner and outer) accounts for about 15% of the Earth's volume but nearly one-third of its mass due to its high density.</li>
 <li>The density of the inner core is estimated to be around 13 grams per cubic centimeter.</li>
 <li>The boundary between the outer core and the inner core is known as the Lehmann Discontinuity, discovered by Inge Lehmann in 1936.</li>
 <li>Seismic waves (P-waves and S-waves) are crucial for understanding the Earth's interior. S-waves cannot travel through liquids, which is how scientists deduced the outer core is liquid. P-waves can travel through both, but their speed changes at boundaries.</li>
</ul>

Both the Statement and Assertion are true and the Assertion is the correct explanation of the Statement

Both the Statement and Assertion are true, but the Assertion is not the correct explanation of the Statement

The statement is true but assertion is false

The statement is false but assertion is true

Bombay Plan for economic development was proposed.

Hydroelectric Power Projects were established.

Rourkela, Bhilai and Durgapur Steel Plants were established.

Gadgil Yojna of economic self-sufficiency was started.

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Planetary Rotation Characteristics</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Most planets in our solar system exhibit prograde rotation, meaning they rotate counter-clockwise when viewed from above their North Pole.</li>
 <li>There are two main exceptions to this general rule:</li>
 <ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Venus: This planet has a retrograde rotation, meaning it rotates clockwise. Its rotation is extremely slow, taking longer to complete one rotation than it does to orbit the Sun.</li>
 <li>Uranus: This gas giant rotates on its side, with an axial tilt of approximately 98 degrees. This extreme tilt makes its rotation appear retrograde from a conventional perspective.</li>
 </ul>
 <li>Planets like Mars and Neptune, despite being mentioned in incorrect options, rotate in the standard counter-clockwise (prograde) direction.</li>
</ul>

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Planetary Orbital Planes</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>All the planets in our solar system orbit the Sun in a relatively flat plane, known as the plane of the ecliptic.</li>
 <li>The ecliptic plane is essentially the plane of Earth's orbit around the Sun.</li>
 <li>This co-planar arrangement is a direct result of the solar system's formation from a rotating protoplanetary disk of gas and dust, which flattened out over time.</li>
 <li>While planets' orbits are very close to the ecliptic, there are slight inclinations (deviations) for each planet. However, they are all generally within a few degrees of this plane.</li>
 <li>For competitive exams, it's worth noting that Pluto (now classified as a dwarf planet) has a significantly inclined orbit (about 17 degrees) compared to the main planets, and it also has a highly elliptical orbit.</li>
</ul>

With the exception of Venus and Mars, all the planets rotate in the same clockwise direction

With the exception of Uranus and Neptune, all the planets rotate in the same counter clockwise direction

With the exception of Venus and Uranus, all the planets rotate in the same counter clockwise direction

All the planets orbits lie close to the same plane (the plane of the ecliptic) passing through the Sun's equator

Introduction of English as a medium of instruction

Government control over private aided schools

Representation in the Legislative Assembly

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

He undertook the restoration of a reservoir called Sudarshana lake.

He defeated the Satkarni ruler Gautamiputra.

He married his daughter to Gautamiputra's son, Vashishthiputra Pulumavi.

Sutras and Sästras are together known as Smriti.

B) Manav Dharma Sästra is also known as lawbook of Manu.

C) Mitäkshara is a commentary on the lawbook of Yäjnavalkya.

D) Dharma Sutras deal with domestic religious ceremonies.

Election Commission is a constitutional body with quasi judicial power

NITI Aayog is a statutory regulatory body

National Women's Commission is a statutory body

 Mansabdar was assigned a Jägir that was officially estimated to yield an equivalent amount of revenue.

A small portion of Jägir were also given to the Baluch and Ghakkar chiefs

After few years of revenue collection rights a Jagirdar was given hereditary rights in his assignment.

Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012

Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005

Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013

This test conducted in rape and sexual assault cases is declared as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court

Sexual harassment is an offence under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhitha 2023 and it deals only with workplace harassment

Indian criminal law does not recognize women as the property of husband

Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989

Bal Gangadhar Tilak -Tenets of the New Party

rajuddin Ahmad -Anjuman-i-Mohibban-i-Watan

Constitutional Amendments are made by virtue of constituent power

Constitutional Amendments are made by virtue of power under Art. 368 of the Constitution

Constitutional Amendments are not law under Art. 13 of the Constitution

<h3 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Champaran Satyagraha: A Landmark Movement</h3>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>The Champaran Satyagraha, initiated in 1917, marked Mahatma Gandhi's first experiment with Satyagraha on Indian soil.</li>
 <li>It took place in the Champaran district of Bihar, focusing on the grievances of local farmers against oppressive British indigo planters.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Role of Rajkumar Shukla: The Catalyst</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Rajkumar Shukla was a local farmer from Champaran who tirelessly sought to bring Mahatma Gandhi's attention to the plight of the peasants.</li>
 <li>He met Gandhi at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress in 1916 and repeatedly urged him to visit Champaran and witness the exploitative conditions.</li>
 <li>Shukla's persistence ultimately led to Gandhi's visit to Champaran in April 1917.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">The Oppressive Tinkathia System</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>The core issue was the Tinkathia system, an exploitative agrarian practice imposed by European planters on Indian tenants.</li>
 <li>Under this system, peasants were compelled by law to cultivate indigo on three-twentieths (3/20th) of their land holdings (tinkaath = three kathas per bigha) for the planters.</li>
 <li>They were then forced to sell the indigo to the British planters at fixed, significantly low prices, which were often unremunerative.</li>
 <li>This system not only resulted in economic exploitation but also rendered the land infertile for other essential food crops due to indigo cultivation.</li>
 <li>The problem worsened with the development of synthetic dyes in Germany, which reduced the demand for natural indigo, yet the planters continued to demand high rents or 'compensation' from farmers to release them from the obligation.</li>
</ul>

<h4 style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">Gandhi's Intervention and Outcome</h4>
<ul style="color: rgb(255,255,255);">
 <li>Upon his arrival, Gandhi conducted a detailed inquiry into the conditions of the farmers, collecting testimonies from thousands of peasants.</li>
 <li>His method of non-violent civil disobedience and direct investigation challenged the British authorities.</li>
 <li>Prominent leaders like Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Brajkishore Prasad, J.B. Kripalani, Mahadev Desai, and Narhari Parikh assisted Gandhi in this movement.</li>
 <li>The British government, unable to suppress the movement, appointed an inquiry commission with Gandhi as a member.</li>
 <li>The commission's recommendations led to the abolition of the Tinkathia system and the refund of 25% of the illegal exactions to the farmers, marking a significant victory for the peasants and a major success for Gandhi's Satyagraha.</li>
 <li>This success cemented Gandhi's reputation as a national leader and champion of the oppressed in India.</li>
</ul>

Statement I is incorrect as Mahatma Gandhi initiated the Champaran Satyagraha after receiving appeals from various peasant associations, not a single individual, while Statement II is correct.

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct, and Statement II explains Statement I

Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect as the Champaran farmers primarily protested against the oppressive land revenue system, not forced indigo cultivation.

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct, but Statement II does not explain Statement I.

Public interest litigation is the product of judicial activism

Public interest litigations are filed before HCs and Supreme Court

Public interest litigation could be filed by any person irrespective of his interest in it

Emergency may be declared on account of failure of Constitutional machinery in a State.

During emergency, there is suspension of right to Constitutional Remedies with respect to enforcement of all fundamental rights.

Art. 360 of the Constitution talks about financial emergency.

Both A and R are true , and R is the correct explanation of A

Its depth and vertical displacement of the sea floor

It involves the free fall of rock or debris

It is a rapid, fluid like movement of a mixture of water, rock, soil and organic debris

It is characterized by the movement of dry unconsolidated material

eGramSwaraj aims to bring in better transparency in the decentralised planning, progress reporting and work-based accounting.

Section 7(1) of the RTI Act implies that, if the information requested under the Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005, concerns the life or liberty of a person, it must be supplied within 48 hours of the request being received. This expedited response is intended to address urgent situations, where a person's life or freedom is at risk.

Gives the Gram Sabha the right to Social Audit of all works and expenditures. 

The Barefoot Technician (BFT) Project was launched in 2010-2011. 

Project 'UNNATI', a skilling project intends to upgrade the skill base of the MGNREGA beneficiaries. 

Cluster Facilitation Project was launched in 2014 with the objective to provide SC/ST people the livelihood under MGNREGA. 

The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), adopted in 1982, establishes a comprehensive legal framework for the world's oceans and seas. It defines the rights and responsibilities of nations regarding the use of the oceans, including navigation, resource management, and marine environment protection.

UN Convention on Status of Refugee (1951)

ILO Convention on Violence and Harassment Convention (2019)

ILO Convention on Night Work Convention (1990)

BRICS Summit (2021), First India-Central Asia Summit (2022), SCO Summit (2023), BIMSTEC Business Summit (2024)

Absolute power to appoint Inferior Officers

With the proclamation of Art. 358 Article 19 will be automatically suspended.

With the proclamation of Art. 359 Article 19 will be automatically suspended.

The constitutionality of a declaration of emergency can be questioned in court.

Art. 360 has been used three times since independence.

Prime Minister or a Minister, who is a member of Rajya Sabha nominated by the Prime Minister

A senior member nominated by the Chairman of the House

A member of the House elected by majority of the House

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