Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Saharan dust.

1. The Saharan dust : fertilize the Amazon rainforest.
2. It provides mineral nutrients for phytoplankton in the Atlantic Ocean.
3. It helped to build beaches across the Caribbean after being deposited for thousands of years
4. The Saharan dust : do not play any role in determining the intensity of hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean.

• A. All
• B. 1, 4
• C. 1, 2, 3
• D. 1 only

Answer 1

Answer:

C. 1, 2, 3

Saharan dust

• Saharan dust refers to a meteorological phenomenon in which fine particles of dust and sand from the Sahara Desert in North Africa are transported across the Atlantic Ocean or other regions. 
• It is also known as African dust or Harmattan haze

Cause for Saharan dust :

• The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world, and it experiences strong winds, known as the Harmattan winds, which can lift dust and sand particles into the atmosphere.
• These particles are often very fine and can remain suspended in the air for extended periods.

Impacts of Saharan dust :

• Saharan dust carries mineral nutrients, including phosphorus and iron, which are deposited in the Amazon rainforest and can act as a natural fertilizer, supporting plant growth in nutrient-poor soils.
• Saharan dust can contain iron, a crucial micronutrient for phytoplankton in the Atlantic Ocean.
• When the dust is deposited into the ocean, it can stimulate phytoplankton growth by providing these nutrients.
• Over thousands of years, Saharan dust deposits can contribute to the formation and maintenance of sandy beaches in the Caribbean and other regions.
• This dust can be transported and deposited by wind and ocean currents.
• Saharan dust can have a mitigating effect on hurricane formation and intensity in the Atlantic Ocean.
• It can create dry and stable air conditions in the tropical Atlantic, which can inhibit the development of hurricanes.