The contingency approach to management emphasizes that :
AThere is one best way to manage
BManagerial actions depend on situational factors
CEmployees must always follow rules
DScientific management principles
Answer:
D. Scientific management principles
Read Explanation:
Contingency Approach in Management
The contingency approach to management, also known as the situational approach, posits that there is no single best way to manage an organization.
The effectiveness of a management style, technique, or organizational structure is contingent upon or dependent upon the specific internal and external factors present in a given situation.
Key factors influencing management decisions include:
Organizational size
Technology used
Environment (stable vs. dynamic)
Employees' skills and capabilities
Organizational culture
This approach contrasts with earlier management theories that sought universal principles applicable to all organizations.
Rather than relying on rigid rules, managers must assess the unique circumstances and adapt their strategies accordingly.
Historical Context: Developed in the 1960s and 1970s, it emerged as a response to the limitations of universalistic theories like Scientific Management and Administrative Management.
Relevance for Exams: Understanding the contingency approach is crucial as it highlights the adaptive and flexible nature of modern management. Exam questions often test the ability to identify situational variables and appropriate management responses.
Contrast with Scientific Management:
Scientific Management (pioneered by Frederick Winslow Taylor) focused on finding the one best way to perform a task through scientific study and standardization. It emphasized efficiency, specialization, and a top-down approach.
The contingency approach, in contrast, rejects the idea of universal principles and emphasizes that what works in one context may not work in another.