Practice Questions

Gender quotas are an effective measure to promote gender equity in political representation. They ensure a minimum percentage of women candidates in elections or seats in legislative bodies, helping to address the historical underrepresentation of women in politics and ensuring diverse perspectives in decision-making.

Limiting the number of women candidates in elections

Restricting women’s participation to local governance only

The concept of equal pay for equal work aligns with gender equity by ensuring that individuals, regardless of gender, receive the same compensation for performing the same job with equal qualifications and responsibilities. It addresses gender-based wage disparities in the labor market.

By ensuring that men are paid more than women for the same job

By advocating for unequal wages based on gender-specific roles

By ensuring that men and women receive the same compensation for performing the same job with equal qualifications and responsibilities

By offering different wages based on personal choice of career path

Gender equity helps create inclusive work environments where all individuals, regardless of gender, can contribute fully to the economy. By addressing barriers such as the wage gap, unequal access to opportunities, and lack of childcare support, gender equity enables everyone to participate in economic activities, fostering growth and development.

By prioritizing economic resources for men only

By creating inclusive work environments that allow all genders to contribute fully to the economy

By limiting women’s participation in the workforce to certain sectors

By promoting unequal wages based on gender differences

Gender equity in healthcare recognizes the specific needs of each gender. For example, offering maternal healthcare services for pregnant women is an equitable intervention because it addresses the unique health requirements of women during pregnancy and childbirth.

Providing all genders with the same healthcare services without consideration of specific needs

Offering additional maternal healthcare services for pregnant women

Denying healthcare access based on gender differences

Focusing only on male healthcare concerns

Affirmative action involves implementing temporary measures to address historical and systemic disadvantages faced by certain genders, particularly women. These measures aim to ensure greater representation and participation in sectors like education, employment, and leadership until equitable conditions are achieved.

Providing resources to women only in the political sphere

Implementing temporary measures to reduce gender disparities in education, employment, and leadership

Denying opportunities to men in order to favor women

Limiting the participation of women in the workforce

Gender equity recognizes that certain groups, such as women and marginalized genders, face structural barriers to achieving equality. By tailoring interventions and resources to meet their specific needs, gender equity helps to address systemic inequalities and creates more equal outcomes.

It focuses on eliminating all gender roles

It tailors interventions to address the specific disadvantages faced by each gender

It seeks to eliminate economic growth for the sake of fairness

It requires men and women to perform identical tasks

Gender equality refers to providing equal opportunities and treatment to all genders, whereas gender equity involves giving individuals the resources they need based on their unique circumstances to achieve fairness. Equity accounts for the differences in needs, experiences, and barriers faced by different genders.

Gender equality focuses on fairness, while gender equity focuses on sameness

Gender equality ensures equal treatment, while gender equity provides resources based on specific needs

Gender equity aims to eliminate all forms of gender differences

Gender equality applies only to women, while gender equity applies only to men

The purpose of addressing gender concerns in development programs is to ensure that both women and men benefit equally from development initiatives. This includes creating opportunities, removing barriers to participation, and addressing inequalities in access to resources, education, healthcare, and decision-making processes.

To ensure that women and men benefit equally from development efforts

To focus exclusively on men’s participation in the economy

To marginalize men in the development process

Women’s political participation is crucial for promoting gender equality as it enables women to influence decisions on laws, policies, and programs that directly affect their rights, access to resources, and opportunities. Women’s leadership ensures that gender-sensitive issues are addressed in governance.

It has no direct impact on gender equality

It allows women to influence policy decisions that affect their rights and opportunities

It only benefits men in leadership positions

It reduces women's focus on social welfare issues

Unpaid care work, such as childcare, elder care, and household chores, disproportionately falls on women. This limits their time and opportunities to engage in formal employment, education, and skill development, perpetuating gender inequality in the workforce and economic participation.

By providing men with more time for income-generating activities

By enhancing women’s participation in the labor market

By overburdening women with responsibilities that limit their participation in formal employment

By encouraging equal distribution of household tasks

One of the significant barriers to women’s economic empowerment is their unequal access to financial services, such as credit, loans, and property rights. Women in many developing countries face legal, social, and institutional barriers that limit their ability to participate fully in economic activities.

Unequal access to financial services and resources

High representation of women in leadership roles

The feminization of poverty refers to the increasing proportion of women living in poverty due to gender inequalities in access to resources, employment, education, and decision-making power. Women often face greater economic challenges, including unpaid care work and unequal wages

A decrease in women's participation in economic activities

The increasing proportion of women among the world’s poor due to gender inequality

An increase in gender-specific welfare programs for men

Gender-responsive budgeting ensures that government budgets consider gender disparities and allocate resources to promote gender equality. It aims to ensure that men and women benefit equally from public spending and that policies address gender-specific needs and inequalities.

To allocate resources specifically for men’s empowerment

To ensure that public resources are allocated and spent in ways that promote gender equality

SDG 5 specifically focuses on gender equality and aims to eliminate all forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls, ensure equal participation in leadership, and provide equal access to opportunities and resources. Gender equality is also a cross-cutting issue that influences several other SDGs.

Gender mainstreaming involves the systematic integration of gender perspectives into all stages of policy and program development, from planning to implementation. It ensures that both men’s and women’s concerns and experiences are equally considered to promote gender equality in all aspects of development.

By integrating gender perspectives into all policies and programs

By focusing solely on reproductive rights

By excluding men from development projects

CEDAW, adopted by the United Nations in 1979, is the most comprehensive international framework addressing gender equality and women’s rights. It defines what constitutes discrimination against women and sets out an agenda for national action to end such discrimination.

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)

Gender equality is critical for inclusive growth, as it ensures that both men and women have equal access to resources, opportunities, and decision-making processes. It enhances economic productivity, improves development outcomes, and ensures that development benefits all segments of society.

It ensures a focus solely on women’s economic rights

It addresses only the needs of marginalized men

It promotes inclusive growth by ensuring both men and women have equal opportunities and rights

Sustainable development requires a balance between economic growth, social welfare, and environmental protection. It emphasizes development that is economically viable, socially inclusive, and environmentally sound, ensuring that progress in one area does not come at the expense of the others.

By focusing on economic growth at the expense of environmental conservation

By balancing economic growth with social welfare and environmental protection

By prioritizing social welfare over economic development

By limiting technological advancements to prevent environmental degradation

The precautionary principle advocates for preventive action to avoid environmental harm, even when there is a lack of complete scientific certainty about potential risks. This principle is key in sustainable development, as it encourages proactive measures to safeguard environmental and public health.

Taking action only when environmental damage is certain

Avoiding action in the absence of scientific certainty about environmental impacts

Taking preventive action to avoid environmental harm even when scientific certainty is lacking

Prioritizing economic development over environmental concerns

SDG 13 specifically addresses climate action, aiming to take urgent measures to combat climate change and its impacts. It highlights the need for resilience, adaptation, and mitigation efforts to address the global climate crisis as part of the broader sustainable development agenda.

SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

The polluter pays principle is a foundational concept in sustainable development. It asserts that those responsible for causing environmental damage should bear the costs of mitigating that damage. This principle promotes accountability and discourages unsustainable practices by assigning financial responsibility to the polluters.

To place responsibility for environmental damage on those who cause it

To allow polluters to continue without consequences

To distribute pollution costs equally across society

Sustainable development is based on principles like the precautionary principle, polluter pays principle, and public participation in decision-making. An exclusive focus on industrial growth, without considering environmental or social impacts, contradicts the core principles of sustainability.

Intergenerational equity is a key principle of sustainable development. It refers to the responsibility of the current generation to manage resources in a way that preserves them for future generations, ensuring that they too can meet their needs without facing resource depletion or environmental degradation.

Equal distribution of wealth among all countries

Sharing resources equally among all social groups in the present

Ensuring that future generations have the same access to resources as the current generation

Limiting economic growth to conserve resources

Sustainable development includes a focus on social equity, which involves addressing disparities in wealth, access to resources, and opportunities. It promotes inclusive growth that benefits marginalized and vulnerable populations, ensuring that development outcomes are distributed more equally across society.

By focusing solely on environmental protection

By promoting social equity and inclusive growth

By limiting development in poorer regions

The term “sustainable development” was first popularized in the Brundtland Report, also known as Our Common Future, published by the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987. It provided the widely accepted definition of sustainable development, focusing on intergenerational equity.

Sustainable development emphasizes a balanced approach that integrates three key components: economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection. It seeks to foster development while minimizing harm to the environment and promoting inclusive growth that benefits all segments of society.

Prioritizing industrialization over environmental concerns

Balancing economic growth, social equity, and environmental protection

The core concept of sustainable development, as defined by the Brundtland Commission, is to balance present needs with the well-being of future generations. It integrates economic, social, and environmental dimensions, ensuring that development today does not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

To promote economic growth without regard to social and environmental impacts

To meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

To focus solely on environmental conservation

Central Ministers were required to identify the programs relating to tribal development that concerned their respective sectors.

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