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Which two individuals are described as the "planning fathers" and also identified as participatory planners?
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How did Kurt Lewin contribute to the development of participatory planning approaches?
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What was Paulo Freire's primary belief that influenced the participatory planning movement?
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Which two key pioneers of participatory planning are mentioned in the UN Habitat document according to Fred Fisher?
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Which document first identified Participatory Reflection and Action as the leading school of participatory planning?
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Why should gender planning be integrated into sustainable development processes?
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Which of the following is a key feature of gender planning?
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How does gender planning relate to mainstream development planning?
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Why is a participatory approach necessary in gender planning?
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What is the core principle of participatory planning?
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How does the participatory approach align with the concept of bottom-up development?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the participatory approach in community development?
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Which of the following best describes the essence of the participatory approach in community development interventions?
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How does the participatory approach reduce costs in community development interventions?
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What is the main objective of the participative process in program evaluations, as mentioned by Smits and Champagne (2004) and Turnbull (1999)?
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In what way does decentralized planning foster creativity at the grassroots level?
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How can successful local innovations in decentralized planning influence national policy?
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What is the significance of flexibility in decentralized planning?
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How does decentralized planning promote innovation at the local level?
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What is a significant advantage of decentralized planning in terms of innovation and governance?
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How does decentralized planning enhance adaptability and resilience during crises?
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How does decentralized planning help foster balanced regional development?
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How does decentralized planning improve accountability and transparency in governance?
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How does decentralized planning encourage innovation at the local level?
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In what way does decentralized planning strengthen democracy?
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How does decentralized planning help reduce the workload on the central government?
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How does decentralized planning contribute to improved resource utilization?
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What is one of the primary benefits of decentralization in terms of empowerment and participation?
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How does decentralized planning improve responsiveness to local needs?
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What is meant by a "bottom-up approach" in decentralized planning?
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Why is coordination and integration important in decentralized planning?
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How does decentralized planning provide flexibility in governance?
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Which of the following is a major feature of decentralized planning that ensures plans reflect local needs?
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What is a key aspect of local autonomy in decentralized planning?
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What is one potential advantage of decentralized planning over centralized planning?
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Which of the following levels of governance is typically empowered in decentralized planning?
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How does decentralized planning differ from centralized planning?
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Which of the following is not typically involved in decentralized planning?
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What is a key feature of decentralized planning?
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What is the constitutional role of the District Planning Committees (DPCs) in decentralized planning?
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What was one of the debates among academics and policymakers regarding the creation of planning units for decentralized activities?
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When did the real impetus for decentralization across India gain momentum?
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According to Arvind Kumar, what does decentralization primarily refer to?
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How does decentralized planning promote equitable development across regions?
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What role do local governance institutions, such as gram panchayats, play in decentralized planning?
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According to Hanumantha Rao, what is the benefit of involving local-level representative institutions in development planning?
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Why has decentralization become a worldwide phenomenon in recent years?
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What is the primary objective of decentralized planning?
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How does the creation of the District Planning Committee (DPC) contribute to the decentralization process in India?
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What is the significance of the District Planning Committee (DPC) in India's planning process?
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