Which two individuals are described as the "planning fathers" and also identified as participatory planners?

How did Kurt Lewin contribute to the development of participatory planning approaches?

What was Paulo Freire's primary belief that influenced the participatory planning movement?

Which two key pioneers of participatory planning are mentioned in the UN Habitat document according to Fred Fisher?

Which document first identified Participatory Reflection and Action as the leading school of participatory planning?

Why should gender planning be integrated into sustainable development processes?

Which of the following is a key feature of gender planning?

How does gender planning relate to mainstream development planning?

Why is a participatory approach necessary in gender planning?

What is the core principle of participatory planning?

How does the participatory approach align with the concept of bottom-up development?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the participatory approach in community development?

Which of the following best describes the essence of the participatory approach in community development interventions?

How does the participatory approach reduce costs in community development interventions?

What is the main objective of the participative process in program evaluations, as mentioned by Smits and Champagne (2004) and Turnbull (1999)?

In what way does decentralized planning foster creativity at the grassroots level?

How can successful local innovations in decentralized planning influence national policy?

What is the significance of flexibility in decentralized planning?

How does decentralized planning promote innovation at the local level?

What is a significant advantage of decentralized planning in terms of innovation and governance?

How does decentralized planning enhance adaptability and resilience during crises?

How does decentralized planning help foster balanced regional development?

How does decentralized planning improve accountability and transparency in governance?

How does decentralized planning encourage innovation at the local level?

In what way does decentralized planning strengthen democracy?

How does decentralized planning help reduce the workload on the central government?

How does decentralized planning contribute to improved resource utilization?

What is one of the primary benefits of decentralization in terms of empowerment and participation?

How does decentralized planning improve responsiveness to local needs?

What is meant by a "bottom-up approach" in decentralized planning?

Why is coordination and integration important in decentralized planning?

How does decentralized planning provide flexibility in governance?

Which of the following is a major feature of decentralized planning that ensures plans reflect local needs?

What is a key aspect of local autonomy in decentralized planning?

What is one potential advantage of decentralized planning over centralized planning?

Which of the following levels of governance is typically empowered in decentralized planning?

How does decentralized planning differ from centralized planning?

Which of the following is not typically involved in decentralized planning?

What is a key feature of decentralized planning?

What is the constitutional role of the District Planning Committees (DPCs) in decentralized planning?

What was one of the debates among academics and policymakers regarding the creation of planning units for decentralized activities?

When did the real impetus for decentralization across India gain momentum?

According to Arvind Kumar, what does decentralization primarily refer to?

How does decentralized planning promote equitable development across regions?

What role do local governance institutions, such as gram panchayats, play in decentralized planning?

According to Hanumantha Rao, what is the benefit of involving local-level representative institutions in development planning?

Why has decentralization become a worldwide phenomenon in recent years?

What is the primary objective of decentralized planning?

How does the creation of the District Planning Committee (DPC) contribute to the decentralization process in India?

What is the significance of the District Planning Committee (DPC) in India's planning process?