Practice Questions

Ravi was a young boy who lived in a small coastal village. Every morning, before the sun rose, he would accompany his father to the shore to help repair fishing nets. His father was a fisherman, and the sea was both their friend and enemy. It gave them food and livelihood, but during storms, it threatened their lives.

One monsoon morning, as the sky darkened with heavy clouds, Ravi noticed a boat struggling against the fierce waves. Without hesitation, he alerted his father. Together with a few villagers, they pushed their boat into the raging sea to rescue the fishermen. After a long struggle, they managed to bring the men back safely. The entire village praised Ravi for his courage and quick thinking.

This incident changed Ravi’s life. Earlier, he had dreamt of leaving the village to study in the city. But that day, he realized how deeply he was connected to his people and their struggles. He decided to become a marine engineer so that he could design stronger, safer boats for his village. His father, though surprised, supported him wholeheartedly. Ravi’s determination grew stronger each day, fueled by his love for the sea and his community.

His father repaired nets and went fishing.

Increased CO2 fertilization effect on crops

Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of the 21st century. It refers to long-term alterations in temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other elements of the Earth’s climate system. Scientific consensus confirms that human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, are the primary drivers of recent climate change. These actions release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere, trapping heat and causing global temperatures to rise.

The impacts of climate change are diverse and far-reaching. Rising sea levels threaten coastal communities, while extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves become more frequent and severe. Changes in rainfall patterns disrupt agriculture, leading to food insecurity in many regions. Additionally, climate change poses risks to biodiversity, as many species struggle to adapt to rapidly shifting environments.

Despite the seriousness of the issue, global efforts are underway to mitigate its effects. The Paris Agreement of 2015 brought nations together with the goal of limiting global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels. Strategies to combat climate change include transitioning to renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, protecting forests, and adopting sustainable agricultural practices.

While mitigation is critical, adaptation is equally important. Communities must prepare for unavoidable impacts by building resilient infrastructure, improving water management, and developing early warning systems for natural disasters. Ultimately, addressing climate change requires international cooperation, political will, and active participation from individuals, governments, and organizations worldwide. The choices made today will shape the planet’s future for generations to come.

Providing emergency relief to disaster-stricken areas

Establishing international treaties to limit pollution

Building higher sea walls to protect coastal communities

Conducting a detailed study of local climate change impacts

Increased frequency of extreme weather events

Water vapor and naturally occurring methane

Widespread social unrest and persistent slave revolts.

Continuous external invasions from barbarian tribes.

Severe economic downturns and high unemployment.

The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE is considered one of the most significant turning points in world history. Although the empire had been in decline for centuries, the final collapse resulted from a combination of political instability, economic troubles, military defeats, and external invasions. Politically, Rome suffered from weak leadership, frequent changes of rulers, and corruption in the administration. Economically, heavy taxation, reliance on slave labor, and the devaluation of currency weakened the internal structure. Militarily, Rome faced constant pressure from barbarian groups such as the Visigoths, Vandals, and Huns. The sack of Rome by the Visigoths in 410 CE shocked the empire, and later invasions further eroded its authority. Social changes also played a role; the loyalty of citizens waned, urban life declined, and the gap between rich and poor widened. In the mid-5th century, the powerful general Flavius Aetius managed to repel Attila the Hun, but after his assassination in 454 CE, the empire lacked capable leadership. In 476 CE, the Germanic chieftain Odoacer deposed the last Western Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus. While the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) survived for nearly another thousand years, the Western Empire’s fall marked the beginning of the European Middle Ages. Historians debate whether this was truly a “fall” or a transformation, as many Roman institutions, laws, and cultural elements persisted under new rulers. Nonetheless, the decline of central authority in Western Europe led to a fragmented political landscape dominated by feudal kingdoms, setting the stage for medieval society.

Excessive military spending and the cost of maintaining a vast empire

Widespread inflation caused by the debasement of coinage

Decline in agricultural output and disrupted trade routes

Frequent barbarian invasions and military defeats

Severe economic inflation and over-taxation

Political instability and widespread corruption

To be more organized with her belongings.

It was a bright Sunday morning when Meera decided to clean her room. As she dusted the shelves, she noticed that her favorite necklace, a gift from her grandmother, was missing from the jewelry box. Panic filled her mind. She searched every corner of the room—under the bed, behind the curtains, and even inside her books—but it was nowhere to be found. Meera’s grandmother had given her the necklace on her twelfth birthday, telling her that it had been in the family for generations. It was made of tiny gold beads with a small ruby pendant that glowed in the sunlight.

Meera sat on her bed, thinking about where she might have last seen it. Suddenly, she remembered wearing it to the park the previous day. She had been playing with her friends near the big banyan tree. Could it have fallen there? Without wasting a minute, she ran to the park. The morning breeze carried the scent of flowers, but Meera’s eyes were fixed on the ground. She carefully checked the grass around the banyan tree. After a few minutes, something shiny caught her eye—it was the necklace, tangled in a patch of weeds.

Meera picked it up gently and felt a wave of relief. She whispered a silent thank you and rushed home to tell her grandmother. Her grandmother smiled warmly, hugged her, and reminded her to be more careful in the future. That day, Meera learned the value of taking care of precious things—not just because they were beautiful, but because of the memories and love they carried.

She remembered the precise location where it fell.

She spotted something shiny in the weeds.

Her younger sister discovered it tangled in a rose bush.

She spent hours sifting through the dirt until she felt it.

She decided to call her friend to meet her there.

She immediately started drawing a map of the park.

It was made of rare diamonds and worth a fortune.

It was a family heirloom and a gift from her grandmother.

Her best friend gave it to her for her sweet sixteen.

She bought it herself after saving up for many years.

Small silver beads with an emerald pendant.

Providing unlimited entertainment content

Replacing the need for professional medical advice

In the 21st century, technological advancements have revolutionized how humans interact, work, and live. The emergence of the internet and smartphones has made information accessible at the tip of our fingers. With artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics developing rapidly, industries are undergoing digital transformations. Communication has also changed dramatically—people can connect with others across the world in seconds through messaging apps and video calls. However, while technology has brought immense convenience, it has also introduced new challenges.

One major concern is data privacy. Every time we use a digital service, we leave behind a trail of personal information. Companies collect and analyze this data to improve their services, but misuse can lead to serious privacy breaches. Moreover, automation threatens traditional jobs. Machines and AI are now performing tasks once done by humans, creating job insecurity in sectors like manufacturing and customer service. Another issue is social isolation. Though people are more connected digitally, face-to-face interactions have decreased, sometimes leading to loneliness and mental health issues.

Despite these challenges, technology continues to enhance various aspects of life. In healthcare, telemedicine and wearable devices allow patients to receive treatment without visiting hospitals. In education, e-learning platforms have democratized access to knowledge. Ultimately, the key lies in how societies balance technological growth with ethical and human considerations. The future will depend on creating systems that not only innovate but also protect individual rights and social well-being.

Leads to a significant increase in overall employment rates.

Primarily enhances human capabilities rather than replacing them.

Only affects low-skill manual labor jobs.

It will undoubtedly lead to unprecedented societal progress.

Its development will be primarily driven by artificial intelligence.

It will pose insurmountable challenges to traditional governance structures.

Automating all aspects of student assessment.

Eliminating the need for direct teacher interaction.

Simplifying complex topics for all learners instantly.

Streamlining hospital administrative tasks

Aiding in the development of new pharmaceutical drugs

Automating the training process for new medical staff

Misinterpretation due to lack of non-verbal cues

Having a keen awareness of one's immediate environment.

Solving problems efficiently and cleverly.

Ravi loved exploring forests. One sunny morning, he packed his backpack with water, snacks, a flashlight, and his favorite item – a shiny compass his grandfather had given him. As he entered the nearby forest, birds chirped, and leaves rustled beneath his feet. He followed a narrow trail, hoping to find the hidden waterfall he’d read about in a storybook.

Hours passed. The sun moved slowly across the sky. Suddenly, Ravi realized the trail had disappeared, and the forest around him looked unfamiliar. He reached for his compass – but it was gone!

Panic filled his heart, but he remembered his grandfather’s words: "Always observe your surroundings." Ravi sat down, took a deep breath, and looked around. He noticed a tree with red markings, just like the one near the forest entrance. Carefully, he walked toward it.

Soon, he heard a familiar sound – the trickling of water. With joy, he found the waterfall! Behind it was the hidden path leading out of the forest. As he stepped out into the open field, he saw something shiny in the grass – his compass! It had fallen from his bag.

Ravi smiled, promising never to panic again. He had discovered something more valuable than the compass

Seeking help from elders is always the best solution.

Ignoring warnings can lead to dangerous situations.

Courage and presence of mind are important

Deep within the forest, by an old oak tree

Along the bank of the river that bordered the woods

He heard distant voices and walked towards them.

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