Learn 120 questions from RPF Constable - Shift 01

RPF Constable - Shift 01 Questions

Recently, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of Section 6A of the Citizenship Act 1955
it which permits immigrants from Bangladesh residing in Assam to secure Indian citizenship, as a valid piece of legislation aligned to the Preambular value of fraternity.
On 17 October 2024, a five-judge bench of the Supreme Court led by Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud, along with Justices Surya Kant, M.M. Sundresh, J.B. Pardiwala, and Manoj Misra, upheld the constitutionality of Section 6A of the Citizenship Act, 1955, in a 4:1 majority. 
This provision grants citizenship to immigrants who entered Assam from Bangladesh before 24 March 1971.

The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) is a program that aims to improve rural infrastructure by providing all-weather road connectivity to unconnected habitations.
With the objective of providing rural connectivity, the Government of India launched the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (referred to as PMGSY-I hereinafter) on 25th December 2000 to provide all-weather access to eligible unconnected habitations with a population of up to 500(Census 2001) in plain area and 250 and above in Special category States(States of North East, Jammu, and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand), Desert Area as identified by Desert Development Program and 88 selected Backward Districts as identified by the Ministry of Home Affairs/Planning Commission as a strategy for poverty alleviation.

The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor who also appoints other ministers on the advice of the Chief Minister
 The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to legislative assembly of the State.
The council of ministers is collectively responsible to the state's legislative assembly. This means that all ministers have shared responsibility for all their actions of omission and commission before the legislative assembly.

Arundhati Roy's first memoir, titled "Mother Mary Comes to Me," is scheduled for release in September 2025.
Arundhati Roy (born November 24, 1961, Shillong, Meghalaya, India) is an Indian author and political activist who is best known for the Booker Prize-winning novel The God of Small Things (1997) and for her advocacy of environmental and human rights issues

Aurobindo Ghosh, an extremist leader, adopted a spiritual path and was associated with Pondicherry (now Puducherry). 
After being imprisoned for his involvement in the nationalist movement, he turned towards spirituality and established an ashram in Pondicherry
Aurobindo Ghosh:
Sri Aurobindo was born on 15th August 1872 in Calcutta.
He was an active participant in the Indian national movement.
He served as a principal of National College in Calcutta.
He also joined in the revolutionary movement of Anushilan Samiti and made an attempt at life on magistrate Douglas.
So he was imprisoned, which is famously called an Alipore conspiracy case.
After his imprisonment, he turned to be a spiritual person and started an ashram in Pondicherry.

The British forces in the Battle of Chinhat were led by Sir Henry Lawrence, the Chief Commissioner of Awadh (present-day Uttar Pradesh).
Fought on the morning of 30 June, 1857, the Battle of Chinhat was a decisive battle between the British army and the Indian rebel mutineers. Led by Sir Henry Lawrence, the Chief Commissioner of Awadh (present-day Uttar Pradesh), the East India Company’s army received information about a small troop of rebels heading towards Lucknow.

Lawrence, confident about his victory, directly led his troops to confront the sepoys on the battlefield. However, on nearing Ismailganj, the British army came under attack from both sides by the mutineers. The rebels led by Barkat Ahmad, consisting of mutineers and retainers of local landowners, outnumbered the British troops by a few thousands. 
The British army suffered several casualties and faced a heavy blow when many of their soldiers, particularly the Indian artillerymen, switched sides to join the mutineers.

Justice Sanjiv Khanna is the 51st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India.
ustice Sanjiv Khanna is the 51st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India. He was elevated to the Supreme Court of India on 18th January, 2019 and presently, he is the Patron-in-Chief, National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) and Chairperson, National Judicial Academy, Bhopal (NJA).
 He has also been the Chairman, Supreme Court Legal Services Committee (SCLSC) from 17th June, 2023 till 25th December, 2023 and Executive Chairman, NALSA from 26th December, 2023 till 10th November, 2024.

Jyotiba Phule and his wife Savitribai Phule established India's first girls' school in Pune (poona) in 1848.
On January 1, 1848, Savitribai Phule and her husband, Jyotiba Phule, established the first girls' school at Bhide Wada in Pune's Budhwar Peth.

The book Religion and Ideology of the Rebels of 1857 was written by Iqbal Husain.
Iqbal Husain was Professor, Centre of Advanced Study in History, Aligarh Muslim University. 
He is the author of The Rise and Decline of the Ruhela Chieftaincies in 18th Century India (1995) and has edited Karl Marx on India (2006).

Following the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny, the British Parliament passed the Government of India Act of 1858, transferring power from the East India Company to the British Crown, with Queen Victoria assuming the role of Empress of India
Major consequences of the 1857 revolt?
-The British crown took over as the rule of East India company ended
-New structure for the Indian government 
-Indian army reconstruction
-The policy of annexation ended
-Beginning of the divide and rule policy

I. Lord Canning held Durbar at Allahabad in November 1857.

 II. The Indian administration was taken over by Queen Victoria.

Kavaratti Island is the capital and a part of the Union Territory of Lakshadweep in India, located in the Arabian Sea
The Kavaratti is the capital of the Union Territory Lakshadweep in India.
The Island of Kavaratti lies 360Km of the coast of the State of Kerala at 10.57°N 72.64°E. is the closest major city on the Indian mainland at a distance of 404 km (218 nmi). 
It has a lagoon area of 3.46 sq mi.Karavatti has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi’s flagship Smart Cities Mission.

The type of wall present in a closed system is a diathermal wall. 
In thermodynamics, a closed system allows the transfer of energy but not matter, across its boundaries.
A diathermal wall permits the flow of heat between the system and its surroundings

The textile industry was the most developed in India before independence. 
It was the largest industry, significantly contributing to India's GDP.
 India has a rich history in textiles, with cotton being a major commodity traded from ancient times.
As Karl Marx noted in 1853, the textile industry was a major component of economic income in the pre-colonial Indian economy, writing that "The hand-loom and the spinning-wheel, producing their regular myriads of spinners and weavers, were the pivots of the structure of that society".

On August 22, 2024, Bandhan Bank launched the 'Avni' savingsOn August 22, 2024, Bandhan Bank, celebrating its Foundation Day, introduced Avni, a savings account tailored specifically for women. This launch is accompanied by the Bandhan Bank Delights loyalty program, designed to offer rewards, discounts, and exclusive benefits account, a product specifically for women, offering personal accident insurance coverage of ₹10 lakh.

Saint Kitts and Nevis joined the Hague System in 2024, increasing the number of countries covered by WIPO's international design system to 97 Countries.
Saint Kitts and Nevis has joined the Hague System, expanding the geographical scope of WIPO’s international design system to 97 countries. 
As the fourth Caribbean country to do so, following Belize, Jamaica and Suriname, the accession of Saint Kitts and Nevis enhances the status of the Hague System as a global option for securing design protection.

The third ruler of the Mauryan Empire was Ashoka, also known as Ashoka the Great.
Ashoka the Great (268-232 BCE) was the third king of the Mauryan Empire (322-185 BCE) best known for his renunciation of war, development of the concept of Dhamma (pious social conduct), and promotion of Buddhism as well as his effective reign of a nearly pan-Indian political entity.

Chandra Shekhar Azad secretly reorganized the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) with Bhagat Singh and other rebels in 1928 and changed its name to Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)'
The HRA was founded in October 1924 in Kanpur by Ramprasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee and Sachin Sanyal, with an aim to organise an armed revolution to overthrow the colonial government and establish in its place the Federal Republic of United States of India whose basic principle would be an adult franchise.
The HRA formed centres, besides Allahabad, Agra, Kanpur, Varanasi, Lucknow,
Shahjahanpur, and Saharanpur.

In 1706, the compilation of the holy scripture of the Sikhs, Guru Granth Sahib, was authenticated by Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru.
Guru Granth Sahib was written in Gurumukhi Script.
It is also known as Adi Granth and it was declared as the next Guru by the tenth Guru of Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh (1675-1708).
Gurumukhi script was invented by Guru Angad (1539-1552) and Guru Granth Sahib was written by Guru Arjan Dev (1581-1606).

The phase change reaction in a Daniell cell is an example of a reversible process. 
This is because the reaction can proceed in both forward and reverse directions depending on the external conditions.
A Daniell cell is the best example of a galvanic cell which converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
The Daniell cell consists of two electrodes of dissimilar metals, Zn and Cu; each electrode is in contact with a solution of its own ion; Zinc sulphate and copper sulphate respectively.

The target number of marginal farmers HDFC Bank aims to support under the 'Parivartan' initiative by 2025 is 5 lakh
The country's biggest private sector lender HDFC Bank looks to increase the income of 5 lakh marginal farmers earning less than Rs 60,000 annually by 2025, as part of its corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative, Parivartan.

India reached its record low Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) of 18.00% in November 2024.
Statutory liquidity ratio (SLR) is the reserve requirement that commercial banks are required to maintain in the form of cash, gold reserves, PSU Bonds, and RBI approved securities before providing credit to the customers.
When SLR is reduced, the commercial banks can use more money to lend its customers.
If the lending rate is reduced by the bank to some extent, their profitability won't be hampered in case of a reduction in SLR rate.

At the time of India's independence in 1947, approximately 75 percent of the country's population relied on agriculture for their livelihoods.
Agriculture played a central role in the rural economy, with a majority of the rural population engaged in farming or related agricultural activities.
Most agricultural practices in India were characterized by subsistence farming, where farmers grew crops primarily to meet the needs of their own families and local communities.
Agricultural practices were predominantly labor-intensive, with limited use of modern machinery or technology in farming operations.

Khardung La Pass, a high mountain pass and one of the highest motorable roads in the world, is located in the Leh district of the Indian union territory of Ladakh.
It is the highest motorable pass in India at 5359 metres.
The pass is positioned on the Ladakh range, which is 40 km from Leh.
It has enormous strategic importance for India as it is used to transport supplies to the Siachen Glacier.

Article 239A of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of a Legislative Assembly in a Union Territory. 
This article empowers Parliament to create local legislatures or Councils of Ministers for certain Union Territories.
It was introduced in the Indian Constitution in 1962.
It empowers Parliament to create a Legislature or Council of Ministers or both for some of the Union Territories.

The Indian Constitution, specifically Article 38, directs the State to secure a social order that promotes the welfare of the people by securing and protecting social, economic, and political justice..
State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people. 
38 (1) The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.

The second Five-Year Plan (1956-1961) specifically followed the Mahalanobis model, developed by Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis.
The Second five-year plan was based on the Mahalanobis model, an economic development model developed by the Indian statistician Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis in 1953.
PC Mahalanobis established the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in Calcutta in 1931 and for the same reason, he is known as the father of Indian Statistics. He was a member of the first Planning Commission of free India.
The second five-year plan was for the year 1956-1961.

The Financial Services Institutions Bureau (FSIB) has recommended the name of Ashok Chandra for the post of Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Punjab National Bank.
FSIB has recommended Ashok Chandra, currently Executive Director of Canara Bank, for the role of MD & CEO of Punjab National Bank, succeeding Atul Kumar Goel in December. Chandra, with a Masters in Economics, began his banking career in 1991 and was chosen from 16 candidates based on performance and experience. 
The final appointment decision awaits the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet.

The scientific name for baker's yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae(brewer's yeast or baker's yeast) is a species of yeast (single-celled fungal microorganisms). The species has been instrumental in winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times. It is believed to have been originally isolated from the skin of grapes.

The main feature of the Bhangar region in the Northern Plains is old alluvial soils.
Old alluvial soil is known as Bhangar and is full of Kankars (lime nodules). 
The Bhangar is the older alluvium along the river beds forming terraces higher than the floodplain. Bhangar contains fossils of animals like rhinoceros, hippopotamus, elephants, etc.
 This type of soil is found in mountainous regions.

The categories to measure the level of Human Development of countries are Very High, Medium, and Low. Therefore, the correct answer is option 1: 1, 2, and 3 only
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and having a decent standard of living. 
The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions.

In September 2024, India and the Republic of Uzbekistan signed a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) in Tashkent, aiming to enhance economic cooperation and create a robust investment environment.
The BIT between India and Uzbekistan assures appropriate protection to Uzbekistan investors in India and Indian investors in the Republic of Uzbekistan, in light of relevant international precedents and practices. It will increase the comfort level and boost the confidence of investors by assuring a minimum standard of treatment and non-discrimination, while providing for an independent forum for dispute settlement through arbitration. 
The BIT also provides for protection to investments from expropriation, provides for transparency, transfers and compensation for losses.
 However, while providing such investor and investment protection, balance has been maintained with regard to State’s right to regulate and thereby provides adequate policy space.

Government of the Republic of India and the Government of Republic of Indonesia

Government of the Republic of India and the Government of Republic of Congo

Government of the Republic of India and the Government of Republic of Uzbekistan

Government of the Republic of India and the Government of Republic of South Africa

The Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) of banks declined to 130.3 per cent from 135.7 per cent between September 2023 and March 2024, according to the financial stability report of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
The liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) of banks declined to 130.3 per cent from 135.7 per cent between September 2023 and March 2024, according to the Financial Stability Report of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). 
The liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) of banks declined to 130.3 per cent from 135.7 per cent between September 2023 and March 2024, according to the Financial Stability Report of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). LCR refers to a requirement whereby banks must hold a stock of high-quality liquid assets sufficient to cover 30 days' net outflows under stressed conditions.

Ohm's Law relates voltage and current, stating that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it, provided the resistance remains constant.
Ohm's law states that current is directly proportional to voltage but inversely proportional to resistance. At constant resistance, current increases as voltage increases and vice versa.
 At constant voltage, current decreases as resistance increases and vice versa.

Subatomic particles like electrons, protons, and neutrons exhibit both wave and particle properties, meaning they can behave as both waves and particles, a concept known as wave-particle duality.
Experiments show that light could behave like a stream of particles (called photons) as well as exhibiting wave-like properties.
 This led to the concept of wave–particle duality to reflect that quantum-scale particles behave both like particles and like waves; they are occasionally called wavicles

Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1875.
Arya Samaj was founded on April 10, 1875, in Bombay (now Mumbai) by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.
 He was deeply influenced by the Vedas and sought to promote the ancient texts as the ultimate source of knowledge and truth.
 He believed that the degeneration of Hindu society was due to the abandonment of Vedic principles and the rise of idolatry, superstitions, and rituals that had no basis in the Vedas

The State Human Rights Commission (SHRC) is a statutory body established under the Protection of Human Rights Act of 1993 to safeguard and promote human rights at the state level in India.
The major functions of the State Human Rights Commission (SHRC) are: To inquire into any violation of human rights or negligence in the prevention of such violation by a public servant, either suo motu or on a petition presented to it or on an order of a court.

Indian States / Union Territories with the coast on the Arabian Sea:
Gujrat.
Maharashtra.
Goa.
Daman and Diu.
Karnataka.
Kerela.
Lakshwadeep.
Dadra and Nagar Haveli

During the period of the 1991 economic reforms, Restrictions on exports of agricultural products were reduced.
Liberalization entails the removal of governmental limitations on private individual activity.
Privatization refers to the transition of a business, industry, or service from public to private ownership and management.
Globalization is the flow of products, services, capital, and labor across international borders

All agricultural lands were nationalised.

Traditional farming methods were mandated.

Restrictions on exports of agricultural products were reduced.

In 1990, the National Front coalition government, led by Prime Minister V. P. Singh, implemented the recommendations of the Mandal Commission, which included 27% reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBC) candidates in government jobs and public sector undertakings.
The Mandal Commission, the Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Commission (SEBC), was established in India in 1979 by the Janata Party government under Prime Minister Morarji Desai to "identify the socially or educationally backward classes" of India.
It was headed by B.P. Mandal, an Indian parliamentarian, used eleven social, economic, and educational indicators to consider the question of reservation for people to prevent caste discrimination, and to determine backwardness.

Deo Deepawal, a festival of the Jain community celebrated 10 days after Deepawali to mark the attainment of nirvana by Mahavira.
it is mainly celebrated at Pawapuri in Bihar.

In September 2024, IISc researchers aimed to reduce chromium in groundwater using a nanomaterial-based solution.
Groundwater is an essential source of drinking water across the country. However, heavy metal contamination in groundwater presents a significant health hazard. Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have developed a nanomaterial-based solution that can effectively reduce the presence of heavy metals like chromium in groundwater.
The team includes researchers from the Centre for Sustainable Technologies (CST), Department of Civil Engineering (CiE), and Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics (IAP).

India is hosting the World Heritage Committee Meeting for the first time. It will take place from 21 to 31 July, 2024, at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi.
 The World Heritage Committee meets once a year and is responsible for managing all matters pertaining to World Heritage and deciding on sites to be inscribed on the World Heritage list.
 During this meeting, proposals for nominating new sites on the World Heritage list, State of Conservation reports of 124 existing World Heritage properties, International Assistance and Utilisation of World Heritage Funds, etc., will be discussed.
 Meeting will be attended by more than 2000 international and national delegates from more than 150 countries.

Crops like sorghum (jowar), pearl millet (bajra), and ragi (finger millet) are commonly grown in dry, arid areas and require minimal water because they are drought-tolerant.
Millets are small-seeded, drought-resistant grains that have been grown for centuries.
They are considered superfoods due to their high nutritional value and adaptability to arid and semi-arid regions.
The Government of India has been promoting millet cultivation due to their climate resilience and nutritional benefits.
The UN also declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets to raise awareness about their benefits.

The Government of India Act of 1935 abolished the dyarchy system in provinces and introduced provincial autonomy, granting significant control to provincial governments.
Major Provisions of the Government of India Act, 1935
Established Provincial autonomy
Diarchy is abolished at provinces and introduced in Center
Establishment of RBI.
Federal Court in 1937.
Introduced direct elections in India for the first time.
A Federal Railway Authority was set up to control Indian railways.
The Act also provided for the establishment of federal, provincial, and joint Public Service Commissions.

The primary characteristic of the Thar Desert's soil is that it is sandy and dry.
 The soil has low water-holding capacity, limited nutrients, and is prone to wind erosion.
The soil of the Thar Desert remains dry for much of the year, so it is prone to wind erosion.
 High-velocity winds blow soil from the desert, depositing some of it on neighboring fertile lands, and causing sand dunes within the desert to shift.

MT 2030 is defined as 6th-Generation or 6G technology. 
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) named 6G technology -IMT 2030 
It is expected to revolutionize wireless communication by offering ultra-high data transmission rates, ultra-low latency, greater connection capacity, high reliability, and enhanced spectrum efficiency

-Kaiga-Karnataka
-Kakrapar-Gujarat
-Kalpakkam-Tamilnadu
-Rawatbhata - Rajasthan

Members of the defense forces are not covered under the jurisdiction of the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT). 
The CAT's jurisdiction extends to: 
The Central Civil Services.
All India Services.
Civilian employees of defense services.

The admission or establishment of new states in the Indian Constitution is mentioned in Article 2.
Admission or establishment of new States
Parliament may by law admit into the Union, or establish, new States on such terms and conditions, as it thinks fit. 
note: Article 3 deals with the formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, or names of existing states.

The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), in partnership with Cornell University and INSEAD Business School, published the Global Innovation Index (GII) 2024 report, in which India ranked 39th out of 133 economies.
The World Intellectual Property Organisation or WIPO is a UN specialized agency created in 1967 to promote intellectual property (IP) protection and encourage creative activity all over the world. 
WIPO is basically a global forum for IP policy, services, information and cooperation

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

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