HSA Natural science syllabus 2025

Whenever we prepare for any exam, it is essential to understand the syllabus of that exam. If we understand the syllabus well and work hard, we can crack this exam. For that, the syllabus of HSA Natural Science exam is given below.

PART A 

Module I: Renaissance and freedom movement 

Module II: General Knowledge and current affairs 

Module III: Methodology of teaching the subject 

• History/conceptual development. Need and Significance, Meaning Nature and Scope of the Subject. 

• Correlation with other subjects and life situations. 

• Aims, Objectives, and Values of Teaching - Taxonomy of Educational Objectives - Old and revised 

• Pedagogic analysis- Need, Significance and Principles. 

• Planning of instruction at Secondary level- Need and importance. Psychological bases of Teaching the subject - Implications of Piaget, Bruner, Gagne, Vygotsky, Ausubel and Gardener - Individual difference, Motivation, Maxims of teaching. 

• Methods and Strategies of teaching the subject- Models of Teaching, Techniques of individualising instruction. 

• Curriculum - Definition, Principles, Modern trends and organizational approaches, Curriculum reforms - NCF/KCF. 

• Instructional resources- Laboratory, Library, Club, Museum- Visual and Audio-Visual aids - Community based resources - e-resources - Text book, Workbook and Handbook. 

• Assessment; Evaluation- Concepts, Purpose, Types, Principles, Modern techniques - CCE and Grading- Tools and techniques - Qualities of a good test - Types of test items Evaluation of projects, Seminars and Assignments - Achievement test, Diagnostic test – Construction, Characteristics, interpretation and remediation

• Teacher - Qualities and Competencies - different roles - Personal Qualities - Essential teaching skills - Microteaching - Action research.

PART B 

Module - I 

ANIMAL DIVERSITY 

I. Whittaker's five Kingdom Classification: 

• Kingdom Protista - Salient features 

• Kingdom Animalia 

• Phylum non-Chordata: 

• Phylum Coelenterate 

• Phylum Platyhelminthes 

• Phylum Nematoda: 

• Phylum Annelida 

• Phylum Arthropoda 

• Phylum Onychophoran  

• Phylum Mollusca

II. PHYLUM CHORDATA 

• General characters 

• Sub phyla  

• Divisions 

• Superclass: 

1. Pisces

   • Tetrapod

• Classes: 

1. Amphibia: 

   • Reptilia 

   • Aves: 

   • Mammalia: 

Module II 

1. PHYSIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 

1. Physiology: 

• Nutrition: 

• Circulation 

• Respiration 

• Excretion 

• Muscle Physiology 

• Nerve Physiology 

• Endocrinology 

2. Biochemistry 

• Biomolecules 

• Metabolism 

• Lipid: 

• Enzymes: 

3. Developmental Biology 

• Theories 

• Fertilization Significance of fertilization and Parthenogenesis. 

• Cleavage 

• Cell differentiation 

• Development 

• Teratology: 

• Experimental Embryology

Module – III 

CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, GENETICS, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 

• Cell Biology 

• Cell Organelles

• Molecular Biology 

• Gene Expression

  • Genetic Code

  • Gene Regulation

  • Bacterial Recombination

• Genetics and Biotechnology 

• Human Genetics: Karyotyping, pedigree analysis, chromosomal anomalies in man 

  • Biochemical Genetics

  • Disorders

  • Biotechnology

  • Blotting Techniques

  • Genomic Library

IMMUNOLGY AND MICROBIOLOGY

• Immunology 

• Immune System

  • Immunogens

  • Immune Responses

• Microbiology

Module IV 

ECOLOGY, ETHOLOGY, EVOLUTION AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY

• Ecology 

• Population Ecology

  • Community Ecology

• Wildlife Conservation and Management

• Ethology

• Evolution

• Zoogeography

Module V

• Microbiology 

• Bacteria

  • Viruses

• Mycology and Lichenology 

• Fungi

  • Lichens

• Plant Pathology 

• Principles of Plant Pathology

• Bryology

• Pteridology

• Gymnosperms

• Palaeobotany

Module VI

• Morphology

• Systematics

• Economic Botany

• Anatomy

• Embryology

• Crop Improvement

Module VII

I. Plant Physiology 

• Water in relation to plants

• Transpiration

• Translocation of water

• Mineral nutrition

• Photosynthesis

• Translocation of photosynthates

• Growth and Development

ii. Metabolism and Biochemistry

iii. Cell Biology

iv. Genetics and Molecular Biology

v. Evolution

Module VIII

1. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY

2. Ecosystem

   • Natural resources

   • Social issues and the environment

• Biodiversity and Conservation

ii. TISSUE CULTURE AND BIOTECHNOLGY

• Plant Tissue culture

• Recombinant DNA and Molecular cloning 

• Cloning vectors

  • Gene transfer technique

  • Biotechnology and Bio ethics

• Bioinformatics 

• Major databases in Bioinformatics:

  • Nucleotide sequence databases

  • Database Search Engines

  • Pair wise sequence alignment

  • Homology modeling of protein, structure prediction

  • Microtechnique

• Biostatistics 

• Measures of Central tendency

  • Measures of Dispersion

  • Design of Experiment