Question

A device that convert chemical energy into electrical energy is called :

• A. Galvanic cell
• B. Electrolytic cell
• C. Fuel cell
• D. Capacitor

Answer 1

Answer:

A. Galvanic cell

Electrochemical Cells: Fundamentals

• An electrochemical cell is a device that generates electrical energy from chemical reactions or uses electrical energy to cause chemical reactions. The specific device that converts stored chemical energy into electrical energy is known as a Galvanic cell (or Voltaic cell).

• Common Examples: Common batteries used in daily life, such as Dry cells, Lead-acid accumulators, and Lithium-ion batteries, are practical applications of this principle.

• Working Mechanism: These devices rely on Redox reactions (reduction-oxidation). Chemical energy is converted into electrical energy through the spontaneous transfer of electrons from the reducing agent to the oxidizing agent through an external circuit.

• Key Components: A standard electrochemical cell consists of:

  • Electrodes: Two conductive materials (Anode and Cathode).

  • Electrolyte: An ionic solution that facilitates the movement of ions between electrodes.

  • Salt Bridge: Used to maintain electrical neutrality in the circuit.

  • Primary Cells: These are non-rechargeable (e.g., Dry cell/Leclanche cell). Once the chemical reactants are consumed, the cell stops producing electricity.

  • Secondary Cells: These are rechargeable (e.g., Lead-acid battery). The chemical reaction can be reversed by applying an external electrical current, allowing the device to be reused.

  • Fuel Cells: A special class of electrochemical cells that convert the chemical energy of a fuel (like Hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (like Oxygen) directly into electricity, often used in space applications.