Question

According to B.F. Skinner, what does motivation in school learning involve?

• A. Fulfilling a hierarchy of needs
• B. Believing in one's ability to succeed
• C. Arousing, persisting, sustaining, and directing desirable behavior
• D. Initiating and sustaining internal activity

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Arousing, persisting, sustaining, and directing desirable behavior

MOTIVATION

• The word "Motivation" is derived from the Latin word "movere".

• The term also draws from Latin root "motum"

• Movere means "to move". 

• The concept of motivation is also linked to the word "motive," meaning the reason behind our actions

MOTIVATION - Definition

B.F. Skinner

• A prominent figure in behaviorism, Skinner focused on the observable aspects of motivation, stating that "Motivation in school learning involves arousing, persisting, sustaining and directing desirable behavior".

Abraham Maslow

• A key figure in humanistic psychology, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is one of the most widely recognized theories of motivation.

• He proposed that individuals are motivated to fulfill a hierarchy of needs, ranging from survival to self-actualization.

Albert Bandura

• Known for his social cognitive theory, Bandura emphasized the concept of self-efficacy as a central driver of motivation. 

• Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to succeed, and Bandura noted that "People not only gain understanding through reflection, they evaluate and alter their own thinking".

J.P. Guilford: Defined 

• Motivation is a "any particular internal factor of condition that tends to initiate and sustain activity"

According to Good, 

• "Motivation is the process of arousing, sustaining and regulating activity."