AChanging the environment or situation to suit the leader
BMaking leaders frequently change their style
CSelecting leaders randomly without regard to style
DIgnoring situational variables and focusing only on leader’s traits
Related Questions:
Consider the following statements regarding further critiques by Argyris, Barnard, and Subramaniam:
Classical theory neglects informal processes, treating organizations as closed systems static to external environments.
Argyris highlighted incongruence between mature personality needs and classical structures, fostering passivity at lower levels.
It displays a pro-management bias by focusing solely on operational issues beyond management problems.
Consider the following statements regarding Principles of Administration:
I. Principles of administration are based on observations and verifications by scientists and professionals, serving as criteria in the administrative and management process.
II. The word "principle" signifies something fundamental, including principles, laws, or facts according to which an organization or administration operates.
III. Principles act as prime movers, providing dignity, acceptance, and respect to an organization, and they are universal across time and place.
Column I (Principles)
Unity of command
Scalar chain
Esprit de corps
Equity
Column II (Descriptions)
A. Line of authority and hierarchical order
B. Fairness and kindness in treatment
C. Harmony and unity among personnel
D. One superior per employee
