Question

According to Krashen, the 'Monitor' functions in language production by :

• A. Generating new language based on input
• B. Automatically producing fluent speech
• C. Filtering out unnecessary language input
• D. Correcting utterances using learned grammar rules

Answer 1

Answer:

D. Correcting utterances using learned grammar rules

• According to Krashen's Monitor Hypothesis, the 'Monitor' functions in language production by Correcting utterances using learned grammar rules.

• Krashen's theory of second language acquisition posits two distinct systems: the acquired system and the learned system. The 'Monitor' is part of the learned system.

• Acquisition: This is a subconscious, natural process of language development, similar to how children learn their first language. It is responsible for a person's fluency and ability to spontaneously produce language.

• Learning: This is a conscious process of formal instruction. It involves knowing the rules of grammar, which are stored in the 'Monitor'.

• The Monitor's role is to act as an editor or corrector for the language produced by the acquired system. This process requires three conditions:

1. The learner must have enough time to think and apply the rule.

2. The learner must be focused on form (correctness), not just meaning.

3. The learner must know the rule they are trying to apply.

• Krashen argues that the Monitor's role is limited, as these conditions are rarely met in spontaneous conversation. Overuse of the Monitor can hinder fluency and make speech slow and hesitant.