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According to the Contingency Approach, what is a key characteristic differentiating it from earlier management theories?

  1. It focuses on finding universal rules that apply to all organizations.
  2. It acknowledges that a particular management action is valid only under specific conditions.
  3. It largely ignores the impact of the external environment on organizational effectiveness.
  4. It promotes a standardized organizational structure for all businesses.

    Aനാല്

    Bരണ്ട് മാത്രം

    Cഒന്നും നാലും

    Dഇവയൊന്നുമല്ല

    Answer:

    B. രണ്ട് മാത്രം

    Read Explanation:

    • Earlier management theories, such as classical management, often aimed to establish universal principles that could be applied across different organizations and situations.

    • The contingency approach, however, argues against this universality.

    • It posits that what works effectively in one context might be detrimental in another, emphasizing the need for adaptability based on situational factors.


    Related Questions:

    Which of the following are considered situational determinants in the context of the Contingency Approach?

    1. Market competition and social trends.
    2. A fixed, unchanging organizational structure.
    3. Universal management principles.
    4. Employee skills and the organization's technology.

      Which of the following statements incorrectly represents the philosophy of the Contingency Approach?

      1. Managerial actions should be flexible and context-dependent.
      2. There are universal principles of management that are always effective.
      3. The external environment significantly impacts organizational effectiveness.
      4. Organizational structures should be tailored to specific situations.

        How does the Systems Approach contribute to improved decision-making within an organization?

        1. It ensures decisions are made with an understanding of external factors and their impact on the whole organization.
        2. It encourages decisions that might benefit one part of the organization at the expense of the whole.
        3. It leads to decisions that may optimize a departmental function but negatively affect the overall product quality.
        4. It promotes decision-making based solely on internal operational data, neglecting environmental influences.
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          What is Frederick Winslow Taylor widely regarded as?