Arrange the following Organisations in chronological order of their formation and select the correct answer from the codes given below.
(a) Prarthana Samaj
(b) Sathyashodhak Samaj
(C) Brahmo Samaj
(d) Ramakrishna Mission
A(c), (b), (d), (a)
B(c), (a), (d), (b)
C(a), (b), (d), (c)
D(c), (a), (b), (d)
Answer:
D. (c), (a), (b), (d)
Read Explanation:
Chronological Order of the Socio-Religious Movements
The correct chronological order of the given organisations based on their year of establishment is Brahmo Samaj (1828), Prarthana Samaj (1867), Satyashodhak Samaj (1873), and Ramakrishna Mission (1897).1. Brahmo Samaj (1828)
- Founder: Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
- Established in: August 1828 in Calcutta (Kolkata), Bengal.
- Key Objectives: It was one of the earliest socio-religious reform movements in India. It opposed idolatry, the caste system, and the practice of Sati, while promoting monotheism and women's education.
- Key Leaders: Debendranath Tagore and Keshub Chandra Sen later played crucial roles in leading and diversifying the Samaj.
2. Prarthana Samaj (1867)
- Founder: Dr. Atmaram Pandurang.
- Established in: March 1867 in Bombay (Mumbai), Maharashtra.
- Key Objectives: Strongly influenced by the Brahmo Samaj, it focused on rational worship and social reforms like inter-caste dining, widow remarriage, and the education of women and depressed classes.
- Key Leaders: Mahadev Govind Ranade (M.G. Ranade) and R.G. Bhandarkar joined later and became its chief mentors.
3. Satyashodhak Samaj (1873)
- Founder: Jyotirao Phule (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule).
- Established in: September 1873 in Pune, Maharashtra.
- Key Objectives: Literally meaning the 'Truth-Seekers' Society', it aimed to liberate the Shudra and Ati-Shudra (backward and Dalit communities) from the exploitation of upper castes and priestly dominance.
- Key text: Phule's famous book Gulamgiri (Slavery) strongly complemented the ideology of this movement.
4. Ramakrishna Mission (1897)
- Founder: Swami Vivekananda.
- Established in: May 1897 at Belur, near Calcutta.
- Key Objectives: Named after Vivekananda's spiritual guru, Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. It sought to propagate the teachings of Vedanta and combine spiritual ideals with active social service and humanitarian work (serving God by serving humanity).