Correct Answer: Option A) 1 and 2 only
The term "ecosystem" was introduced by Eugene Odum in 1953.This statement is incorrect. The term "ecosystem" was actually coined by Arthur Tansley in 1935, not by Eugene Odum. Eugene Odum is known for his pioneering work in ecology and his textbook "Fundamentals of Ecology" (1953), which helped popularize ecosystem concepts, but he did not introduce the term.
Ecosystem includes both abiotic and biotic components.This statement is correct. An ecosystem is defined as a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. It includes both living (biotic) components such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, and non-living (abiotic) components such as soil, water, air, temperature, and sunlight.
An ecosystem does not involve energy flow or nutrient cycling.This statement is incorrect. Energy flow and nutrient cycling are fundamental processes that occur in all ecosystems. Energy flows through ecosystems via food chains and food webs, starting from producers (typically plants through photosynthesis) to various levels of consumers. Nutrients cycle through ecosystems in processes like the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and phosphorus cycle.
