Question

Consider the following tribunals :

1. Land Tribunal

2. Administrative Tribunal

3. Industrial Tribunal

Which one of the following is correct with respect to the above?

• A. All these tribunals take its origin from Art. 323A of the Constitution
• B. All these tribunals are created under a single legislation
• C. Administrative tribunals are specialized tribunals but all specialized tribunals are not administrative tribunals
• D. Both A and B

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Administrative tribunals are specialized tribunals but all specialized tribunals are not administrative tribunals

• Administrative tribunals are specialized tribunals": they are highly specialized in dealing exclusively with service matters of government employees. Their jurisdiction is narrowly defined to this specific area.

• "but all specialized tribunals are not administrative tribunals": This part is also true. There are numerous other specialized tribunals in India that deal with specific areas of law but are not "administrative tribunals" in the sense of Article 323A. Examples include:

  • National Green Tribunal (NGT): Specialized in environmental cases.

  • Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT): Specialized in income tax disputes.

  • Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT): Specialized in indirect tax matters.

  • Cyber Appellate Tribunal: Specialized in cyber law.

  • Industrial Tribunals: Specialized in industrial disputes.

  • Land Tribunals: Specialized in land matters. All these are specialized, but none of them are "administrative tribunals" in the specific sense defined by Article 323A and the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985.