Question

Evaluate the paradoxical situation often referred to within the 'Kerala Model of Development' and select the true statements.

1. The Kerala Model is characterized by the co-existence of low per capita income and high human development indicators.
2. There is a paradoxical situation of high social development occurring without subsequent significant economic growth.
3. Many economists believe that this situation of stagnation prevailed only during the 2000s.
4. Kerala's development pattern has received little attention from development economists due to its unique nature.

• A. 1 മാത്രം
• B. 3, 4
• C. 1, 2
• D. 2

Answer 1

Answer:

C. 1, 2

The Kerala Model of Development: A Unique Paradox

• The Kerala Model of Development refers to the distinctive pattern of socio-economic development observed in the Indian state of Kerala. It is widely studied globally due to its unique characteristics.

• It is characterized by the achievement of high human development indicators comparable to those in developed countries, despite having a relatively lower per capita income compared to other economically prosperous Indian states or developed nations.

Key Features and Indicators:

• High Literacy Rates: Kerala consistently boasts the highest literacy rates in India, often above 90%, including high female literacy, and was the first state to achieve 100% primary education.

• Low Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): The state has an IMR comparable to developed nations (e.g., around 6 per 1000 live births in 2020), significantly lower than the Indian national average.

• High Life Expectancy: Kerala residents have a high life expectancy at birth (e.g., over 75 years), another indicator of good public health and living conditions.

• Universal Access to Healthcare: A robust public health system ensures widespread access to medical facilities and basic healthcare services, including a strong network of primary health centers.

• Widespread Public Education: Extensive public investment in education has led to near-universal primary education and high enrollment rates across all levels.

• Effective Public Distribution System (PDS): A strong PDS has ensured food security for a large portion of the population, playing a crucial role in poverty reduction.