Question

How did Kurt Lewin contribute to the development of participatory planning approaches?

• A. By focusing solely on technological innovations
• B. Through his work on democratic leadership, group dynamics, and action research
• C. By promoting a top-down, hierarchical planning approach
• D. By introducing centralization in development planning

Answer 1

Answer:

B. Through his work on democratic leadership, group dynamics, and action research

Kurt Lewin’s contributions to participatory planning included his work on democratic leadership, group dynamics, experiential learning, action research, and open systems theory. His emphasis on overcoming racial and ethnic injustices and his focus on collective, democratic processes were integral to shaping participatory planning methods.