Question

How many types of Dhwani did Ānandavardhana propose?

• A. Two
• B. Three
• C. Four
• D. Five

Answer 1

Answer:

B. Three

Ananadavardhana identifies three broad types of Dhwani:

1. Vastu Dhwani (Suggestion of Ideas or Content):

• This refers to the suggestion of a theme, idea, or conceptual meaning beyond the literal expression of the text.

• It occurs when the literal meaning conveys a deeper or implied idea, often enriching the intellectual or narrative aspect of the work.

• Example: A poetic line describing a barren tree might suggest themes of despair, loneliness, or the passage of time.

2. Alankara Dhwani (Suggestion of Figures of Speech):

• This refers to the suggestion of a specific poetic figure or rhetorical embellishment (such as simile, metaphor, or hyperbole).

• The suggestive element enhances the aesthetic quality of the composition through these figures of speech.

• Example: Comparing a woman’s face to the moon not only states the comparison but subtly suggests beauty, elegance, and other associated qualities.

3. Rasa-dhvani (Suggestion of Sentiment or Emotion):

• This is the most celebrated and significant type of dhvani. It deals with evoking a particular aesthetic emotion (rasa) in the reader or listener.

• Example: The subtle suggestion of love, sorrow, or heroism through imagery, tone, and mood.