Question

Howard Gardner .................................................

• A. divided intelligence into two factors - 'general' and 'specific'.
• B. proposed the idea of intelligence as a singular trait.
• C. argued that several distinct types of intelligence exist.
• D. classified intellectual traits on three dimensions - operations, contents and products.

Answer 1

Answer:

C. argued that several distinct types of intelligence exist.

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences

• Howard Gardner's book - 'Frames of Mind' (1983)

• He did not believe there was "one form of cognition which cut across all human thinking".

• There are multiple intelligences with autonomous intelligence capacities".

• So, intelligence cannot be viewed as a single entity. There are different types of intelligences which are independent of each other.

• Further, people may have varied combinations of these intelligences.

• Gardner initially proposed seven types of Intelligence which later on he increased to nine

1. Visual/ Spatial Intelligence

2. Verbal / Linguistic Intelligence

3. Logical/ Mathematical Intelligence

4. Bodily / Kinesthetic Intelligence

5. Rhythmic / Musical Intelligence

6. Interpersonal Intelligence

7. Intrapersonal Intelligence

8. Naturalistic Intelligence

9. Existential Intelligence