Question

Identify the statements related to the aims and values of education :

1. Development of democratic citizenship
2. Promotion of social harmony
3. Memorisation of facts only
4. All-round development of the learner

• A. i, ii, iv
• B. All
• C. i, ii
• D. iv only

Answer 1

Answer:

A. i, ii, iv

• Educational aims are the broad, long-term goals that a society hopes to achieve through its schooling system.

• In modern pedagogy, these aims focus on building a functional society and a well-developed individual.

• (i) Development of democratic citizenship: Education aims to prepare students to participate in a democracy by teaching them about their rights, duties, and the importance of critical thinking.

• (ii) Promotion of social harmony: Especially in a diverse country like India, a key value of education is teaching tolerance, empathy, and the ability to live peacefully with others.

• (iv) All-round development of the learner: This refers to the holistic approach—developing the "3 Hs": Head (Intellectual), Heart (Emotional/Values), and Hand (Physical/Skills).

• (iii) "Memorisation of facts only" is considered a failure of the educational process in modern standards. While knowing facts is necessary, "only" focusing on memorization (rote learning) ignores higher-order thinking skills like analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Modern policies, such as the NEP 2020, specifically aim to move away from this "banker's model" of education where students just store and retrieve data.