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In the formula nAch = Ps + Sm + Iv - Ff from Atkinson's Theory of Achievement Motivation, what does 'Ff' represent?

AFulfillment of need

BFear of failure

CFeeling of satisfaction

DFuture focus

Answer:

B. Fear of failure

Read Explanation:

MOTIVATION

  • The word "Motivation" is derived from the Latin word "movere".

  • The term also draws from Latin root "motum"

  • Movere means "to move". 

  • The concept of motivation is also linked to the word "motive," meaning the reason behind our actions

Type Of Motivation

Intrinsic motivation:

  • This refers to the desire to engage in an activity because it is inherently interesting, enjoyable, or personally satisfying. 

  • You do it for the pure pleasure of the task itself, rather than for any external reward or pressure.

  • Examples: Reading a book because you love the story, learning a language because you enjoy the process, volunteering because you find it fulfilling.

Extrinsic motivation

  • This involves engaging in an activity to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment. 

  • The motivation comes from outside the individual.

  • Examples: Studying for a good grade, working for a bonus or promotion, completing chores to avoid being reprimanded. 

Achievement motivation: 

  • This is the drive to set and achieve challenging goals, excel in tasks, and gain recognition for accomplishments.

  • Example: A student striving to be the best in their class.

Achievement Motivation Theory

  • The Achievement Motivation Theory is most prominently associated with David McClelland and his colleagues,  John W. Atkinson.

  • Need for Achievement (n-Ach): The desire to excel, achieve in relation to a set of standards, and strive for personal accomplishment.

  • Need for Power (n-Pow): The desire to influence and control others.

  • Need for Affiliation (n-Affil): The need for friendly and close interpersonal relationships.

nAch=Ps+Sm+Iv-Ff

The formula you've presented, nAch = Ps + Sm + Iv - Ff, appears to be a simplified representation or adaptation of concepts from Atkinson's Theory of Achievement Motivation, which built upon McClelland's work on the need for achievement

nAch (Need for Achievement):

  • It represents the overall resultant tendency to engage in an achievement-oriented task. 

  • It's the balance between the hope for success and the fear of failure.

Ps (Probability of Success): 

  • This refers to the individual's subjective estimate of the likelihood of succeeding at the task. 

  • This is influenced by factors like the perceived difficulty of the task and their own ability.

Sm (Success Motive): 

  • This is the motive to achieve success, also denoted as Ms (Motivational Strength) in some formulations. 

  • It's a relatively stable personality trait reflecting an individual's inherent drive for achievement.

Iv (Incentive Value of Success): 

  • This represents the perceived value or reward associated with achieving success. It is often inversely related to the probability of success; difficult tasks often have higher incentive value.

Ff (Fear of Failure): 

  • This represents the tendency to avoid failure, which is a key component of Atkinson's model. Individuals with a high fear of failure might be more hesitant to engage in challenging tasks


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