In which decade did the Centre for Development Studies at Thiruvananthapuram, with UN assistance, conduct a case study that contributed to the concept of the 'Kerala Model'?

A1960s

B1970s

C1980s

D1990s

Answer:

The 'Kerala Model' refers to the unique development experience of the Indian state of Kerala, characterized by high achievements in social indicators such as literacy, life expectancy, and low infant mortality rates, despite having a relatively low per capita income.
This model emphasizes the role of public action, social justice, and extensive welfare programs, rather than rapid economic growth, as the primary drivers of human development.

The Centre for Development Studies (CDS) is a premier research institution located in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
It was established in 1971, with significant contributions from the eminent economist, Dr. K.N. Raj, who served as its founder director.
CDS has been instrumental in conducting extensive research on various aspects of Kerala's economy and society, playing a crucial role in documenting and analyzing the 'Kerala Model'.

During the 1970s, CDS undertook significant research, including a notable case study with assistance from the United Nations.
This particular study, often cited, contributed significantly to identifying and formalizing the unique development characteristics that came to be known as the 'Kerala Model'.
The UN agencies, particularly those focusing on social development and basic needs, were interested in understanding how Kerala achieved such high social indicators.
The 1970s were a period when Kerala was intensely focused on social reforms and public provisioning, laying the groundwork for many of its social achievements.

Historical Context: Strong social reform movements dating back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Public Policy:
- Land Reforms: Significant land reforms implemented in the 1960s and early 1970s redistributed land and empowered the rural poor.
- Education: Near-universal access to public education, leading to high literacy rates.
- Healthcare: Extensive public healthcare system, including primary health centers and government hospitals, ensuring widespread access to medical care.
- Public Distribution System (PDS): An efficient and widespread PDS ensuring food security.
Political Mobilization: Strong trade union movements, peasant organizations, and left-wing political parties advocating for social welfare and equity.
High Social Consciousness: An informed and socially conscious populace demanding basic services and rights.

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