Match the following organizations with their examples.
i. Public Sector Organization a. Wipro
ii. Private Sector Organization b. ONGC
iii. Non-Profit Organization c. Akshaya Patra Foundation
iv. Multinational Corporation d. Reliance
Ai-b, ii-a, iii-c, iv-d
Bi-c, ii-d, iii-b, iv-a
Ci-a, ii-b, iii-d, iv-c
Di-d, ii-c, iii-a, iv-b
Answer:
A. i-b, ii-a, iii-c, iv-d
Read Explanation:
Types of Organizations and Their Characteristics
Public Sector Organization
These organizations are owned, managed, and controlled by the government (central, state, or local authority).
Their primary objective is to provide public services and welfare, rather than maximizing profit.
ONGC (Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited) is a prominent example. It is a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) under the administrative control of the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India.
Key Fact: PSUs are crucial for strategic sectors like energy, defense, railways, and banking in India. Other significant examples include Indian Railways, BSNL, Coal India Limited, and Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL).
Competitive Exam Point: The performance of PSUs is often evaluated based on their contribution to the economy, employment generation, and social objectives, in addition to financial metrics.
Private Sector Organization
These organizations are owned, managed, and controlled by private individuals or groups.
Their main objective is profit maximization for their owners or shareholders.
Wipro is a leading Indian multinational corporation that provides information technology, consulting, and business process services. It is privately owned and listed on stock exchanges, with shares primarily held by private investors.
Key Fact: The private sector is a significant contributor to India's GDP and employment. Examples include Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Infosys, ICICI Bank, and Maruti Suzuki.
Competitive Exam Point: Private sector companies operate in a competitive market environment and are driven by market forces, innovation, and efficiency.
Non-Profit Organization (NPO)
NPOs are organizations established with a primary purpose of serving a social, charitable, educational, or religious cause, rather than generating profit for owners.
Any surplus generated by NPOs is reinvested into the organization's activities and not distributed to members or shareholders.
Akshaya Patra Foundation is a well-known non-profit organization in India that implements the Mid-Day Meal Programme in government and government-aided schools, feeding millions of children daily.
Key Fact: NPOs often rely on donations, grants, and fundraising activities for their operations. They are typically registered as trusts, societies, or Section 8 companies under Indian law in India.
Competitive Exam Point: Understanding the legal frameworks (e.g., Societies Registration Act, Indian Trusts Act, Companies Act Section 8) governing NPOs is important. Other examples include CRY (Child Rights and You), Goonj, and Teach for India.
Multinational Corporation (MNC)
An MNC is a large corporation that operates, produces, or sells goods or services in more than one country.
MNCs typically have headquarters in one country but maintain subsidiaries, branches, or factories in other countries.
While primarily an Indian conglomerate, Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), under Mukesh Ambani, operates on a vast scale and has significant international dealings, investments, and partnerships across its diverse businesses (e.g., energy, retail, telecom, digital services). Its global reach in sourcing, technology partnerships, and financial markets aligns it with characteristics of large corporations with substantial multinational operations and influence.
Key Fact: MNCs play a significant role in globalization, technology transfer, and foreign direct investment (FDI). They often face complex legal, economic, and cultural challenges when operating across borders.
Competitive Exam Point: Classic examples of global MNCs include Apple, Microsoft, Toyota, and Coca-Cola. Indian companies like the Tata Group (Tata Motors, Tata Steel, Tata Global Beverages) are prominent Indian MNCs with extensive global manufacturing and sales operations