ALymphatic filariasis
BJapanese encephalitis
CFrancisella tularensis.
DYellow fever virus
Answer:
B. Japanese encephalitis
Read Explanation:
Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV)
What it is: JEV is a virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family, the same family as the West Nile virus and yellow fever virus.
Transmission: It is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, particularly species of Culex mosquitoes. These mosquitoes breed in rice paddies and irrigation channels.
Geographic Distribution: The virus is endemic in many parts of Asia, including India, China, Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asian countries. Outbreaks often occur during the monsoon season when mosquito populations increase.
Symptoms: While many JEV infections are asymptomatic or cause mild symptoms, severe cases can lead to encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). Symptoms of encephalitis include high fever, headache, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, and spastic paralysis.
Affected Population: Children are particularly vulnerable to severe disease and neurological sequelae.
Prevention: Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent JEV. Public health measures include mosquito control programs (e.g., spraying insecticides, eliminating breeding sites) and personal protective measures (e.g., using mosquito repellents, wearing long clothing).
Diagnosis: Diagnosis is typically made by detecting antibodies against JEV in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using techniques like ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay).
Historical Context: The first recorded epidemic of Japanese encephalitis occurred in Japan in 1871.