Question

Which of the following factors have effectively contributed to reducing poverty in Kerala?

1. Land reforms, along with the widespread availability of education and healthcare, have played a crucial role.
2. Decentralization, pension schemes, and an efficient public distribution system were key strategies.
3. The Kudumbashree initiative and consolidated efforts through Plan schemes have significantly contributed.
4. Poverty reduction in Kerala is solely attributable to rapid industrialization and private sector growth.

• A. iii
• B. i
• C. ii, iv
• D. i, ii, iii

Answer 1

Answer:

D. i, ii, iii

• Kerala's success in poverty reduction is a synergistic outcome of multiple, interconnected factors.

• Land reforms empowered the rural poor, while robust public education and healthcare systems improved human capital.

• Decentralization enabled local-level planning and implementation, and social security nets like pension schemes provided financial stability.

• Programs like Kudumbashree fostered self-employment and women's empowerment, all integrated within comprehensive state Plan schemes.