Question

Which principles of lesson planning are essential for effective teaching?

1. Clarity and definiteness of objectives, and knowledge of students' prior learning (entry behavior).
2. Motivating students and maintaining their interest throughout the lesson.
3. Ensuring availability of resources and selecting appropriate teaching methods.
4. Requiring students to passively receive information without active participation.

• A. 3
• B. 1, 2, 3
• C. 2, 3
• D. 2, 4

Answer 1

Answer:

B. 1, 2, 3

Lesson planning

• Lesson plan is considered as the blueprint of a lesson, or a plan of action, to organize learning activities for a single period. It is also considered as a design of actions likely to happen in the classroom for which planning is being done.

• Good lesson planning is the key to successful teaching which is the central component of teaching

• Carter V Good defines a lesson plan as "an outline of the important points of a lesson arranged in the order in which they are to be presented"

• A Lesson plan is the teacher's mental and emotional visualisation of classroom activities

Characteristics of a good Lesson plan

A good lesson plan should reflect the teacher's subject competency, knowledge of educational psychology and theories of learning

• Objectives, particularly specific objectives need to be stated

• Through analysis of content

• Broad frame of methods of teaching

• Selection of appropriate teaching aids

• Suggestive list of activities for learners

• Well thought out items for evaluating learning

• Relevant motivational devices selected

• Indications regarding effective and sufficient black board work

• Indications regarding final review

Advantages of planning a lesson

• It ensures appropriate use of aids at the appropriate time

• It prevents wastage of time, as every step has been planned with forethought.

• It ensures proper assignment according to the mental level of students.

• It establishes proper connection between different lessons and thereby ensures continuity

Principles of Lesson Planning

1. Principle of Clarity and Definiteness of the Objectives.

• While planning the lesson, a teacher must be fully aware of its instructional objects. He has to base his planning entirely on the type of objectives set and the subsequent changes desired in the behavior of students.

2. Principle of Knowledge of Entry behavior

• For teaching a particular topic, there lies definitely some pre-requisite in the shape of previous learning. This entry behavior of the students should always be kept in mind. Unless it is not properly assumed it will be quite difficult to plan for the teaching of that topic.

3. Principle of Motivating the Students

• While planning a lesson the teacher must pay attention for its proper introduction so that students may be properly motivated in the study of the topic to be taught. If a teacher can motivate his students it will help in the realization of instructional objectives.

4. Principle of Maintaining Interest in the Lesson

• The aroused interest through a proper introduction of the lesson needs to be kept maintained through out the delivery of the lesson. Therefore a teacher must plan such activities and deliver his lessons in the way suiting to the needs, interests and ability to the students.

5. Principle of Availability of Resources and Conditions

• The availability of different type of teaching aids, equipment and other resources, situations and environmental conditions likely to be prevailed at the time of delivery of lesson should be taken into consideration while planning the lesson.

6. Principle of Appropriateness of Teaching Methods and Techniques

• For the realization of the stipulated instructional objectives, the teacher should select proper methods and techniques well in time with the nature of the subject matter and topic being taught in the class.

7. Principle of Mastery over the subject matter and related activities

• A teacher who does not possess adequate mastery over the subject matter may miserably fail in planning as well as its proper delivery in the class. It becomes quite essential, therefore for a teacher to acquire sufficient mastery over the subject matter and related experiences connected with the lesson.

8. Principle of Active participation of the students

• To ensure the active participation of the students in the teaching learning process, a teacher must always have proper provision for the devices, strategies and techniques.

9. Principle of Providing feedback and reinforcement

• A learner can only learn when he gets proper feed back and reinforcement in the course of his learning. A teacher must take due care of this fact.

10. Principle of Adequate class control and discipline

• Adequate class control and proper maintenance of discipline is needed for effective teaching. So a teacher may plan to adopt well though tactics, strategies and devices like questioning response management, using audio-visual aids, and provision of adequate and purposeful learning experiences, etc.

11. Principle of Appropriate Evaluation

• While planning a lesson, teacher must take due care of the appropriate evaluation of the teaching learning process going inside classroom. It is very essential for a teacher for being acquainted with the different tools and techniques of evaluation.

12. Principle of Adequate fixation of the learning

• The knowledge provided to the students needs to be adequately fixed in their minds for its proper remembrance, application and transfer to the needed situation. Therefore a teacher should provide due place for the needed fixation devices in the form of review drill, home work, etc. in his lesson planning

13. Principle of Flexibility

• The planning should provide enough scope for being flexible in terms of presenting the subject matter or sharing a variety of teaching learning experience with students.