Question

Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusion logically follow(s) from the statements .

Statements:

All gabions are walls

All concretes are walls

Al bridges are walls.

Conclusion

(1)Some bridges are gabions

(2)Some concretes are bridges

• A. Neither conclusion(1) nor (2) follows
• B. only conclusion (1) follows
• C. Both conclusion (1) and (2) follows
• D. Only conclusion (2) follows

Answer 1

Answer:

A. Neither conclusion(1) nor (2) follows

All gabions are walls → Gabions ⊆ Walls

All concretes are walls → Concretes ⊆ Walls

All bridges are walls → Bridges ⊆ Walls

So, gabions, concretes, and bridges are three separate groups, all lying inside the set walls.
There is no direct relationship given between:

• gabions and bridges

• concretes and bridges

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Check the conclusions

Conclusion (1): Some bridges are gabions

This would require an overlap between bridges and gabions, but no such relation is given.

❌ Does not follow

Conclusion (2): Some concretes are bridges

This would require an overlap between concretes and bridges, which is also not given.

❌ Does not follow

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Neither conclusion (1) nor conclusion (2) follows.