• The sentence discusses an act that is considered a "sin" against both religion and humanity. This implies a very strong, negative action toward a sacred place.
Desecrate (Correct): This verb means to treat a sacred place or thing with violent disrespect or to violate its sanctity. It is the specific term used when talking about damaging or insulting a holy site.
Modest: This is an adjective meaning humble or moderate (e.g., "a modest house"). It is not a verb and does not fit the grammar of the sentence.
Disapprove: This means to have a poor opinion of something. While someone might disapprove of a religion, "disapprove places" is grammatically incorrect (you would say "disapprove of places"), and it is not a strong enough word to be called a "sin against humanity."
Upright: This is an adjective meaning strictly honorable or vertical (e.g., "an upright citizen"). It does not fit the blank.