Question

Stephen Krashen's Input Hypothesis, mentioned under the Principle of Exposure, states that a crucial element for acquisition is:

• A. Grammar translation
• B. Comprehensible input
• C. Rote memorization
• D. Direct imitation

Answer 1

Answer:

B. Comprehensible input

Stephen Krashen's Input Hypothesis (i+1)

• Core Idea: Language acquisition occurs when learners are exposed to language that is slightly beyond their current level of competence.
• The Formula: Krashen represents this as 'i + 1', where 'i' is the current level of language understanding and '+1' represents the next stage of language development.
• Key Principle: The input must be comprehensible, meaning learners can understand the message, even if they don't understand every word or grammatical structure.
• Mechanism of Acquisition: Acquisition is seen as an unconscious process, similar to how children acquire their first language, through understanding messages.
• Distinction from Learning: Krashen differentiates between subconscious 'acquisition' and conscious 'learning' (knowing the rules of grammar). He argues that acquisition is the primary driver of fluency.
• Implications for Teaching: This hypothesis emphasizes the importance of providing learners with rich, meaningful input in the target language, rather than focusing solely on explicit grammar instruction.
• Contrast with other theories: Unlike behaviorist theories that focused on drills and imitation, Krashen's hypothesis highlights the role of naturalistic exposure and meaning-focused communication.
• Exam Relevance: Understanding the Input Hypothesis is crucial for questions related to second language acquisition theories, language teaching methodologies, and the role of exposure in language learning, often tested in teaching licensure exams (e.g., NCTE, TESOL).