Question

Fayol specified how many principles of administration?

• A. Ten
• B. Seven
• C. Fourteen
• D. Twenty-nine

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Fourteen

Henri Fayol's Principles of Management

Henri Fayol, a French mining engineer, strategist, and director of mines, is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in the field of management theory. His seminal work, General and Industrial Management, first published in French in 1916 and in English in 1949, introduced a comprehensive framework for managing organizations effectively.

Key Contributions:

• Fayol identified 14 principles of management that he believed were universally applicable to all types of organizations, regardless of their size or sector.
• These principles aim to provide a structured approach to administrative tasks and improve organizational efficiency and effectiveness.

The 14 Principles:

1. Division of Work: Specialization of labor leads to increased efficiency.
2. Authority and Responsibility: Managers must have the authority to give orders, and with that authority comes responsibility for their actions.
3. Discipline: Obedience and respect for rules and agreements are essential.
4. Unity of Command: Each employee should receive orders from only one superior.
5. Unity of Direction: All activities within an organization that have the same objective should be directed by one manager under one plan.
6. Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest: The interests of the organization as a whole should take precedence over the interests of any individual employee.
7. Remuneration: Employees should be paid fairly for their services.
8. Centralization: The degree to which decision-making is concentrated at the top level of management.
9. Scalar Chain: The line of authority from top to bottom.
10. Order: A place for everything, and everything in its place. This applies to both materials and personnel.
11. Equity: Managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates.
12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel: High employee turnover is inefficient.
13. Initiative: Employees should be encouraged to take initiative.
14. Esprit de Corps: Promoting team spirit and harmony strengthens the organization.

Fayol's principles provided a foundational understanding of management, influencing subsequent management theories and practices.