Consider the following statements about the historical imposition of President’s Rule in Kerala. (i) Kerala experienced President’s Rule seven times, with the last instance in 1982. (ii) The longest period of President’s Rule in Kerala was from 1964 to 1967. (iii) The first imposition of President’s Rule in Kerala was in 1959.

Consider the following statements about the historical imposition of President’s Rule in Kerala.

(i) Kerala experienced President’s Rule seven times, with the last instance in 1982.

(ii) The longest period of President’s Rule in Kerala was from 1964 to 1967.

(iii) The first imposition of President’s Rule in Kerala was in 1959.

A(i) and (ii) only

B(ii) and (iii) only

C(i) and (iii) only

DAll of the above

Answer:

Constitutional Provision: President's Rule is imposed under Article 356 of the Indian Constitution, allowing the Central government to take direct control of a state's administration if its constitutional machinery fails.
Grounds for Imposition: It can be imposed based on a report from the Governor or otherwise, if the President is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of a state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.
Parliamentary Approval: Every proclamation of President's Rule must be approved by both Houses of Parliament within two months. It can initially last for six months and can be extended for a maximum period of three years with parliamentary approval every six months.

Kerala holds a significant place in the history of President's Rule due to its frequent impositions, reflecting its dynamic and often complex political landscape.
The state's political instability, particularly in its early decades, often necessitated the intervention of central rule.

Number of Impositions: While some sources indicate a higher number (e.g., 9 times) when accounting for all short durations or successive proclamations, the figure of 'seven times' is often cited and generally accepted in the context of major instances.
Last Instance in 1982: This part of the statement is correct. The last significant imposition of President's Rule in Kerala occurred in 1982. There were two instances that year:
- One from March 17, 1982, to May 23, 1982, following the dissolution of the Assembly.
- Another very brief period from December 2, 1982, to December 27, 1982, after the resignation of the K. Karunakaran ministry, before a new ministry was formed.

This statement is correct.
Duration: President's Rule was imposed in Kerala on September 10, 1964, after the dismissal of the R. Sankar-led Congress ministry. It continued until the general elections were held in March 1967 and a new government was formed.
Significance: This period, spanning over two and a half years, is recognized as the longest continuous spell of President's Rule in Kerala's history. It was also one of the longest in any state in India at that time.

This statement is incorrect.
Pre-State Formation Context: The region that largely constitutes modern Kerala (specifically the state of Travancore-Cochin) was under President's Rule from March 23, 1956, to April 5, 1957.
Formation of Kerala: The State of Kerala was officially formed on November 1, 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. This means the state was established while the region was already under President's Rule, which continued until April 1957. Therefore, President's Rule was effectively in place in Kerala from its very inception.
1959 Imposition: The President's Rule imposed on July 31, 1959, was indeed a landmark event, as it marked the first instance where an elected government of Kerala – the communist government led by E.M.S. Namboodiripad – was dismissed under Article 356, following th

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