Question

The concept of IQ (Intelligence Quotient) was first introduced by:

• A. William Stern
• B. Alfred Binet
• C. Lewis Terman
• D. Howard Gardner

Answer 1

Answer:

A. William Stern

• The concept and term Intelligence Quotient (IQ) (originally in German: Intelligenzquotient) was introduced in 1912 by the German psychologist and philosopher William Stern.

• Stern proposed this metric as a way to assess an individual's intelligence by comparing their mental development with their biological age.

• The IQ Formula: William Stern defined the ratio as Mental Age (MA) / Chronological Age (CA). Later, American psychologist Lewis Terman revised it in 1916 by multiplying the ratio by 100 to avoid decimal fractions:

IQ =MA/CA X 100

• Important Related Contributors in Intelligence Testing:

  • Alfred Binet: Known as the Father of Intelligence Testing. Together with Théodore Simon, he developed the first standardized intelligence test (Binet-Simon Scale) in 1905 and introduced the concept of Mental Age (MA) in 1908.

  • Lewis Terman: Adapted Binet's test at Stanford University to create the widely used Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale in 1916.

  • David Wechsler: Introduced the concept of Deviation IQ and developed major scales such as WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) and WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children).

• Score Interpretation: An IQ score of 100 represents the average (normal) intelligence, where a child's Mental Age exactly equals their Chronological Age.