The novel 'Frankenstein' by Mary Shelley can be seen as an early example of which genre, in addition to being Gothic?
AHistorical Romance
BScience Fiction
CBildungsroman
DSocial Satire
Answer:
B. Science Fiction
Read Explanation:
Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein' and its Literary Significance
Pioneering Science Fiction
- Mary Shelley's Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, published in 1818, is widely recognized as an early and seminal work of the Science Fiction genre.
- While it also contains strong elements of Gothic literature, its exploration of scientific ambition, artificial life, and the consequences of unchecked technological advancement places it firmly in the Sci-Fi category.
Key Themes and Concepts
- Artificial Creation: The novel delves into the controversial theme of creating life through scientific means, a core concept in science fiction.
- Ethical Implications of Science: It raises profound questions about the moral responsibilities of scientists and the potential dangers of scientific overreach. This theme resonates strongly with modern science fiction narratives.
- Reanimation and Galvanism: The story's premise involves the reanimation of a corpse through scientific processes, reflecting early 19th-century scientific curiosities and experiments, particularly in the field of galvanism (the use of electricity to stimulate muscles).
- The 'Modern Prometheus': The subtitle itself alludes to the Greek myth of Prometheus, who stole fire from the gods for humanity, highlighting the theme of hubris and the pursuit of forbidden knowledge.
Historical Context and Influence
- The Romantic Era: Written during the Romantic period, 'Frankenstein' reflects the era's fascination with nature, the sublime, and the potential for both progress and destruction associated with industrial and scientific revolutions.
- Influence on Later Works: 'Frankenstein' laid the groundwork for countless science fiction stories dealing with artificial intelligence, genetic engineering, and dystopian futures. Its narrative structure and thematic concerns continue to influence writers and filmmakers today.
- Literary Milestones: Often cited alongside works like Jules Verne's and H.G. Wells' novels as foundational texts of the science fiction genre.
Competitive Exam Relevance
- Understanding 'Frankenstein' as a precursor to science fiction is crucial for literary analysis questions in competitive exams.
- Be prepared to identify its thematic links to modern scientific and technological anxieties.
- Recognize its dual classification: Gothic for its atmosphere and horror, and Science Fiction for its speculative scientific premise.