Question

The phrase 'under achiever' for a student, backward in performance, is an example of in language.

• A. Dysphemism
• B. Periphrasis
• C. Dysphasia
• D. Euphemism

Answer 1

Answer:

A. Dysphemism

• Dysphemism is the use of a harsh, discourteous, or contemptuous word or expression in place of a neutral or pleasant one. It is the opposite of euphemism.
• In the given context, referring to a student who is 'backward in performance' as an 'underachiever' can be considered a dysphemism because it uses a term that, while seemingly neutral or even slightly positive (implying potential), can carry a negative connotation or judgment, especially when used habitually or judgmentally. It's a way to label or categorize a student in a potentially dismissive manner.
• Euphemism, conversely, is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For example, calling someone who has passed away 'passed on' or 'lost' is a euphemism.
• Metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable, without using 'like' or 'as'. For instance, 'He is a shining star in the class.' 'Underachiever' could be seen as a metaphor for a student not meeting expectations, but dysphemism specifically captures the negative or harsh connotation.
• Personification is the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form. For example, 'The wind whispered through the trees.' This is not applicable here.
• Underachiever itself is a term that has evolved. While it can be used descriptively, it often carries a loaded meaning in educational contexts, implying a deficiency or failure to meet potential, which aligns with the function of a dysphemism.
• In competitive exams, understanding the nuances between dysphemism, euphemism, and metaphor is crucial for analyzing language usage and identifying figurative speech accurately. Questions often test the ability to differentiate between terms that soften or harshen language.