Question

The Seal of Pashupati Mahadeva, found in Mohenjo-Daro, was made of which material?

• A. Terracotta
• B. Sandstone
• C. Bronze
• D. Steatite

Answer 1

Answer:

D. Steatite

### **Seals of the Indus Valley Civilization** A large number of **seals** of various shapes and sizes have been discovered from the Indus Valley Civilization. These seals were primarily made of **steatite** (a soft stone found in riverbeds) but were also crafted from **copper, faience, terracotta, chert, ivory, and gold**. They often featured intricate carvings of **human and animal figures** and were mainly used for **commercial, identification, and educational purposes**. **Terracotta seals** were also produced, often depicting **peepal leaves, female figures, deities, and animals**. Many of these distinctively shaped seals were likely **enshrined and worshipped** during that time. Some seals even depict a **harp-like musical instrument**, confirming the existence of **stringed musical instruments** in the civilization. These seals offer valuable insights into the **culture and lifestyle** of the Indus Valley people, reflecting: - **Clothing, ornaments, and hairstyles** - **The artistic skills of sculptors** - **Trade and commercial relations** - **Religious beliefs and practices** ### **Seal of Pashupati Mahadeva** One of the most significant seals, the **Pashupati Mahadeva Seal**, was found in **Mohenjo-Daro** and is made of **steatite**. It depicts a **human figure seated in a cross-legged position**, surrounded by animals. On the **right side**, an **elephant and a tiger** are depicted, while on the **left**, a **rhinoceros and a buffalo** are shown. Additionally, **two antelopes (deer)** appear beneath the seat near the figure’s feet. A notable feature of this figure is its **three-horned head**. This seal is believed to provide insights into the **religious beliefs** of the **Harappan civilization**. Most of these seals have a **knob at the back with a hole**, suggesting that they were used by **guilds, merchants, and traders** for stamping purposes. When not in use, they may have been worn around the **neck or arm as an amulet**.