Question

What are potential environmental impacts of excessive use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture?

1. Increased biodiversity in soil ecosystems.
2. Reduction in soil fertility and disruption of natural processes.
3. Accelerated growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil.
4. Biomagnification of pesticides in terrestrial ecosystems.

• A. 1, 3
• B. 2, 4
• C. 2 only
• D. All

Answer 1

Answer:

B. 2, 4

Excessive use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides can lead to:

• Soil Degradation:
  • Excessive use of fertilizers can lead to nutrient imbalances in the soil.
  • Continuous application without proper management can result in soil degradation, reducing its fertility over time.
  • This may adversely affect plant growth and the overall health of the soil ecosystem.
• Water Pollution:
  • Runoff from fields treated with pesticides and fertilizers can carry these chemicals into nearby water bodies.
  • This runoff contributes to water pollution, negatively impacting aquatic ecosystems.
• Biomagnification:
  • Pesticides applied to crops may persist in the environment and accumulate in organisms at higher trophic levels.
  • This biomagnification can lead to increased concentrations of pesticides in animals and humans that consume contaminated food, posing health risks.
• Loss of Biodiversity:
  • The use of pesticides can harm non-target organisms, including beneficial insects, birds, and soil microorganisms.
  • This disruption in the balance of species can lead to a decline in biodiversity and negatively impact the ecosystem's resilience.
• Health Risks:
  • Exposure to pesticides, whether through contaminated food or water, can pose health risks to humans.
  • Some pesticides are known to have toxic effects and may contribute to the development of health issues, including neurological and reproductive disorders.
• Development of Pesticide Resistance:
  • Continuous and excessive use of pesticides can lead to the development of resistance in pest populations.
  • This necessitates the use of stronger pesticides, creating a cycle that poses long-term challenges for pest management.
• Energy Consumption and Carbon Footprint:
  • The production and application of synthetic fertilizers involve significant energy consumption.
  • Additionally, the manufacturing processes contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to the carbon footprint of agriculture.