What does the term 'Productivity' refer to in an ecosystem?

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AA) The total number of species living in an ecosystem.

BB) The rate at which water evaporates from the ecosystem.

CC) The amount of organic matter or biomass produced during a given period of time.

DD) The efficiency of nutrient absorption by plants.

Answer:

The amount of organic matter or biomass produced by an individual organism, population, community or ecosystem during a given period of time is called - Productivity
The total amount of solar energy converted (fixed) into chemical energy by green plants is called Gross Primary Production (GPP)

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Which statement best describes the relationship between lake zones and light penetration?

Light penetrates fully to the bottom in all lake zones.
The Littoral Zone receives light to the bottom, while the Open Water Zone does not.
Light penetration is primarily determined by the depth of the Benthic Zone.
The Open Water Zone is defined by its complete lack of light.

Identify the correct statements regarding the thermal stratification layers in a lake during summer.

The epilimnion is the upper layer, characterized by warm, circulating water, rich in nutrients, and supporting phytoplankton growth.
The metalimnion is the intermediate layer where water temperature decreases sharply with increasing depth.
The hypolimnion is the bottom layer, which is cold, non-circulating, and typically low in oxygen but rich in nutrients.
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Consider the following statements regarding producers in different ecosystems.

In terrestrial ecosystems, rooted plants are the main producers.
Phytoplankton are floating plants that are dominant producers in aquatic ecosystems.
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