Question

What is a critical effect of cadmium exposure on the kidneys?

• A. Reduced excretion of proteins
• B. Damage to distal tubular cells
• C. Increased excretion of low-molecular weight proteins
• D. Formation of kidney stones

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Increased excretion of low-molecular weight proteins

• Kidney and bone are the critical target organs with regard to environmental exposure. The main critical effects include increased excretion of low-molecular weight proteins in the urine (as a result of proximal tubular cell damage) and an increased risk of osteoporosis.

• An increased risk of lung cancer has also been reported following inhalation exposure in occupational settings.

• The margin of safety between the present daily intake of cadmium in the diet and the intake that can result in effects is very narrow and, for highly exposed sub populations, even non-existent.