Question

What is the legal consequence/s in India for the use of unapproved genetically modified variants of crops?

1. A fine of Rs. 1 lakh.
2. A jail term of 5 years.
3. Revocation of farming license.

• A. 1, 2
• B. All
• C. 1, 3
• D. 2 only

Answer 1

Answer:

A. 1, 2

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

• GMOs refer to living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially altered or modified in a way that does not occur naturally through mating or natural recombination.
• This manipulation is typically carried out in a laboratory through techniques such as genetic engineering, where specific genes are inserted, deleted, or modified to give the organism new characteristics or traits.
• GMOs can include a wide range of organisms such as plants, animals, and microorganisms.
• The purpose of genetic modification is often to introduce desirable traits, such as resistance to pests, tolerance to herbicides, increased nutritional value, or improved growth characteristics.
• GMO crops have been vastly used for increasing agricultural productivity, reducing the reliance on chemical pesticides, and addressing specific challenges in farming, like drought or poor soil conditions.
• Some common examples of genetically modified crops include : Bt cotton, Bt brinjal etc

GEAC

• The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) functions in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).
• As per Rules, 1989, it is responsible for appraisal of activities involving large scale use of hazardous microorganisms and recombinants in research and industrial production from the environmental angle.
• The committee is also responsible for appraisal of proposals relating to release of genetically engineered (GE) organisms and products into the enviornment including experimental field trials.
• GEAC is chaired by the Special Secretary/Additional Secretary of MoEF&CC and co-chaired by a representative from the Department of Biotechnology (DBT).
• Presently, it has 24 members and meets every month to review the applications in the areas indicated above.
• Use of the unapproved GM variant can attract a jail term of 5 years and fine of Rs. 1 lakh under the Environment Protection Act, 1986.