What is the role of the mother tongue in the early stages of second language learning, according to the Principle of Mother Tongue Influence?
AIt should be completely avoided.
BIt can be used supportively.
CIt should be discouraged.
DIt has no influence.
Answer:
B. It can be used supportively.
Read Explanation:
Role of Mother Tongue in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) - Principle of Mother Tongue Influence
- Supportive Role: The Principle of Mother Tongue Influence suggests that the learner's first language (L1), or mother tongue, can be a valuable tool in the early stages of learning a second language (L2). It is not to be entirely suppressed but rather used supportively.
- Facilitates Understanding:
- Concept Clarification: L1 can be used to explain complex grammar rules or vocabulary in the L2, making it easier for learners to grasp new concepts.
- Bridging the Gap: It helps bridge the understanding gap between what the learner already knows (in L1) and what they need to learn (in L2).
- Cognitive Transfer:
- Positive Transfer: Similarities between the L1 and L2 in terms of vocabulary, grammar, or sentence structure can be leveraged for faster learning. This is known as positive transfer.
- Negative Transfer (Interference): Conversely, differences can lead to errors, where L1 structures are incorrectly applied to L2. Recognizing these differences, often through L1 explanation, helps learners avoid or correct them.
- Building Confidence: Allowing learners to use their L1 initially can reduce anxiety and build confidence, making them more receptive to L2 input.
- Contextualization: L1 can provide a familiar context for introducing new L2 material, aiding in comprehension and retention.
- Teacher's Tool: For teachers, L1 can be a practical tool for classroom management, giving instructions, or explaining pedagogical approaches, especially in beginner classes.
- Contrastive Analysis: Understanding the relationship between L1 and L2 through contrastive analysis helps in anticipating and addressing potential learning difficulties related to language interference.
- Emphasis on Balance: While supportive, the goal is not to rely on L1 indefinitely. The principle advocates for a gradual phasing out of L1 support as L2 proficiency increases, aiming for genuine L2 use.