Chapter 14 of Biographia Literaria (1817) is one of the most significant chapters of Coleridge’s work because it presents his critique of Wordsworth’s poetic theory while also offering his own views on poetry, imagination, and poetic diction.
Key Significance of Chapter 14:
Coleridge’s Definition of Poetry
He defines poetry as "the best words in the best order," emphasizing its artistic and structured nature.
He argues that poetry is distinct from prose, not just because of meter but because of its elevated imaginative quality.
Critique of Wordsworth’s Theory of Poetic Language
Coleridge challenges Wordsworth’s claim that poetry should be written in the ordinary language of common people.
He argues that poetry requires a more refined and artistic use of language than everyday speech.
The Role of Imagination in Poetry
Coleridge introduces his concept of imagination as the shaping force in poetry.
He differentiates between primary imagination (the basic human ability to perceive the world) and secondary imagination (the poet’s creative power to transform reality).
Defense of Meter in Poetry
Coleridge explains why meter is essential to poetry, arguing that it adds musicality, emotional depth, and a sense of structure.
He suggests that meter elevates language beyond ordinary speech, making poetry a distinct and powerful art form.
A Balanced View of Wordsworth’s Poetry
While he critiques Wordsworth’s ideas on poetic diction, he praises his achievements in Lyrical Ballads, particularly for bringing sincerity and emotional depth to poetry.
He acknowledges that Wordsworth’s emphasis on nature and human emotions has great artistic merit.
