AOnly prevention and mitigation
BAll stages of disaster management
CPreparedness and recovery only
DRelief and mitigation exclusively
Answer:
B. All stages of disaster management
Read Explanation:
Legal, policy, and institutional frameworks for disaster management should cover all four stages of the disaster management cycle: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. This comprehensive approach ensures a nation can effectively manage risks and reduce the impact of disasters.
The Four Stages of Disaster Management
A complete framework doesn't just address what to do during a disaster, but also what to do before and after.
Mitigation (Prevention): This stage focuses on long-term actions to reduce the risk and impact of future disasters. Frameworks should include building codes, land-use zoning, and investments in resilient infrastructure. This is about being proactive to avoid or minimize losses. 🚧
Preparedness: This stage involves getting ready for a disaster. The framework should mandate the development of emergency plans, early warning systems, and public awareness campaigns. It also defines the roles and responsibilities of various government agencies and first responders to ensure a coordinated effort. 🗣️
Response: This is the immediate reaction to a disaster. Legal and institutional frameworks should provide a clear chain of command, authorize emergency powers, and define protocols for rescue operations, medical aid, and providing shelter. This stage is about saving lives and addressing immediate needs. 🚑
Recovery: This stage focuses on the long-term process of restoring a community to its pre-disaster state or better. The framework should outline policies for financial assistance, rebuilding damaged infrastructure, and providing psychological support. The goal is to "build back better" by integrating risk reduction measures into the reconstruction process. 🏡