Question

What term is often used to describe the process of countries in Africa and Asia gaining independence from colonial rule in the mid-20th century?

• A. Neo-Imperialism
• B. Neo-colonialism
• C. Decolonization
• D. Imperialism

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Decolonization

Decolonization:

• Decolonization is a historical and political process that unfolded primarily in the mid-20th century when many countries in Africa and Asia achieved independence from their colonial rulers. 
• This process typically involves the dismantling of colonial institutions, withdrawal of colonial administrations, and the transfer of political power to local leaders or governments.
• Decolonization was often driven by nationalist movements within the colonized countries.
• These movements, comprising political leaders, activists, and citizens, sought to assert their national identity, culture, and right to self-determination.
• They demanded an end to foreign colonial rule and the establishment of independent nations.

Factors contributed to Decolonization:

• Nationalist Movements: Colonized peoples, inspired by ideas of self-determination and national identity, led movements for independence.
• International Pressure: The United Nations and other international organizations advocated for self-determination and decolonization.
• Economic Costs: Maintaining colonies became increasingly expensive for colonial powers.
• Shift in Values: Changing global norms and values, such as opposition to imperialism and racism, influenced the decolonization movement.