Question

Which country/countries was formed out of the remnants of the Ottoman Empire after World War I?

1. Persia
2. Saudi Arabia
3. Iraq
4. Turkey

• A. 1, 4
• B. 2 only
• C. 4 only
• D. 2, 3

Answer 1

Answer:

C. 4 only

Establishment of Turkey

• After the conclusion of World War I and the signing of the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920, the Ottoman Empire was dismantled, and various territories were allocated to different countries under the terms of the treaty.
• However, the Turkish War of Independence, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, challenged the terms of the treaty and aimed to establish a sovereign state out of the remnants of the empire.
• The Turkish War of Independence, fought between 1919 and 1923, resulted in the establishment of the modern Republic of Turkey in 1923.
• Under Atatürk's leadership, the Turkish National Movement successfully repelled the occupying Allied powers and established the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Ankara as the legitimate government.
• Through a series of military victories and diplomatic negotiations, the Turkish forces managed to reclaim large parts of Anatolia, which had been divided among various occupying powers.
• The Treaty of Lausanne, signed in 1923, replaced the Treaty of Sèvres and recognized the modern boundaries of the Republic of Turkey.
• As a result, Turkey emerged as an independent and secular nation-state, marking the end of the Ottoman Empire and the beginning of the modern Turkish state.