Question

Which of Fayol’s principles emphasizes that the line of authority should be clearly recognized from the top to the bottom of the organization?

• A. Initiative
• B. Centralisation
• C. Scalar chain
• D. Stability of tenure of personnel

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Scalar chain

Scalar Chain Principle

• Henri Fayol, a pioneer of administrative theory, proposed 14 Principles of Management.
• The Scalar Chain principle dictates that there should be an unbroken line of authority running from the highest level of management down to the lowest.
• This chain ensures that communication flows through the defined hierarchical levels, maintaining order and clarity in reporting and decision-making.
• It establishes a clear path for commands and information, preventing confusion and ensuring accountability.
• For example, if an employee at a lower level needs to communicate with someone at a much higher level, the communication should ideally pass through their immediate superiors up the chain and then back down.
• Fayol acknowledged that strict adherence could sometimes slow down communication. He proposed the concept of 'Gang Plank' or 'Bridge' as a deviation from the strict scalar chain, allowing direct communication between employees of different levels under specific circumstances, provided it is authorized and does not undermine the authority structure. This 'Gang Plank' is a crucial point often tested in competitive exams.
• Other important principles proposed by Fayol include:
  • Division of Work: Specialization leads to efficiency.
  • Authority and Responsibility: Managers have the right to give orders and the responsibility to ensure they are obeyed.
  • Unity of Command: Each employee should receive orders from only one superior.
  • Unity of Direction: All activities with the same objective should have one head and one plan.
  • Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest: The goals of the organization should take precedence over the goals of individuals.
  • Remuneration of Personnel: Employees should be paid fairly for their services.
  • Centralization: The degree to which decision-making is concentrated at higher levels.
  • Order: A place for everything and everything in its place.
  • Equity: Kindness and fairness in dealing with employees.
  • Stability of Tenure of Personnel: Low employee turnover is desirable.
  • Initiative: Employees should be allowed to take initiative.
  • Esprit de Corps: Promotion of team spirit and harmony.
• Understanding these principles is vital for grasping the foundational concepts of management and organizational structure, frequently appearing in public service examinations.