ACulling animal population
BRainwater harvesting
CHalving the supply of drinking water
DSetting up water treatment factories
Answer:
B. Rainwater harvesting
Read Explanation:
Rainwater Harvesting Explained
Rainwater harvesting is a technique used to collect and store rainwater that falls on the ground, typically from rooftops, for later use. This method is a crucial strategy for water conservation, especially in regions facing water scarcity.
Key Components and Methods:
Catchment Area: This is the surface where the rainwater is collected, most commonly rooftops of buildings. Other surfaces like paved or unpaved ground can also be used.
Conveyance System: Gutters, pipes, and channels are used to transport the collected rainwater from the catchment area to the storage facility.
First Flush Diverter: This device diverts the initial runoff from the roof, which often contains accumulated dust, debris, and pollutants.
Filtration Unit: Before storing, rainwater is passed through filters to remove suspended impurities, ensuring better quality water. Common filters include sand filters, charcoal filters, and mesh screens.
Storage System: This can be an underground tank (sump), an above-ground tank, or a reservoir. The size of the storage system depends on the amount of rainfall and the intended use of the water.
Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting:
Water Conservation: Reduces reliance on conventional water sources like groundwater and surface water, thereby conserving these precious resources.
Groundwater Recharge: Excess harvested water can be directed to recharge groundwater aquifers, helping to maintain water tables.
Reduced Stormwater Runoff: Helps mitigate urban flooding by reducing the volume of stormwater runoff that overwhelms drainage systems.
Improved Water Quality: If properly filtered and stored, harvested rainwater can be of high quality for various uses, including drinking (after further treatment), gardening, and domestic chores.
Reduced Water Bills: For households and businesses, using harvested rainwater can significantly lower municipal water bills.