Question

Which of the following classical dance forms from southern India derives its textual sanction from 'Balarama Bharatam' and 'Hastalakshana Deepika'?

• A. Sattriya
• B. Kuchipudi
• C. Kathakali
• D. Mohiniattam

Answer 1

Answer:

C. Kathakali

Kathakali: A Classical Indian Dance-Drama

Textual Foundations

• Kathakali, a prominent classical dance form, finds its theoretical basis in ancient Sanskrit texts like 'Balarama Bharatam' and 'Hastalakshana Deepika'.

• These texts are crucial as they codify the aesthetics, gestures (mudras), and performance conventions that define Kathakali.

Origin and Development

• Kathakali originated in the southwestern region of India, specifically in Kerala, during the 17th century.

• It evolved from various earlier dance and theatrical forms such as Koodiyattam, Ashtapadiaattam, and Theeyyattam.

Performance Characteristics

• Kathakali is renowned for its elaborate costumes, vibrant makeup (which signifies character types), and distinctive footwork.

• Performances typically narrate stories from Hindu epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana, as well as from the Bhagavatha Purana.

• The dance form is characterized by its dramatic intensity, with performers conveying emotions and narratives through stylized gestures and facial expressions, often accompanied by vocal music and percussion instruments.

Key Figures and Texts

• 'Balarama Bharatam' is attributed to the legendary sage Balarama and details the principles of dramatic representation.

• 'Hastalakshana Deepika', authored by Mani Madhava Chakyar, is a more recent treatise but is highly regarded for its comprehensive explanation of hand gestures (mudras) and their application in performance.