Question

Which of the following is NOT a stage in pedagogical analysis ?

1. Content analysis
2. Formulation of instructional objectives
3. Selecting learning experiences and methods
4. Student evaluation before teaching
5. Evaluation and assessment

• A. 4, 5
• B. All
• C. 1, 4
• D. 4 only

Answer 1

Answer:

D. 4 only

Stages of pedagogical analysis

1. Content analysis

This initial stage involves a thorough examination and breakdown of the subject matter to be taught. Key aspects include: 

Dividing content into sub-units: Breaking the overall topic into manageable parts or sub-topics.

Determining the essence of each sub-unit: Identifying the core concepts, principles, facts, and essential information within each sub-unit.

Identifying prerequisite knowledge: Establishing the prior knowledge and skills students need to understand the new material.

Sequencing sub-units: Arranging the sub-units in a logical order that facilitates learning progression, perhaps from simple to complex, or building upon previously learned concepts

2. Formulation of instructional objectives

• Based on the content analysis, teachers then develop clear and specific instructional objectives. 

• These objectives articulate what students should be able to know, understand, or be able to do after the instruction, written in measurable and observable terms. 

• The Revised Bloom's Taxonomy can be a helpful tool in formulating these objectives across different cognitive levels (remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, creating

3. Selecting learning experiences and methods

In this stage, teachers plan how to engage students with the content and achieve the instructional objectives. 

This includes: 

Choosing appropriate teaching methods and strategies: Selecting instructional approaches (e.g., lecture, discussion, group work, inquiry-based learning) that align with the content, objectives, and learners' needs.

Identifying suitable teaching and learning materials: Determining and preparing resources like textbooks, visual aids, models, multimedia presentations, and hands-on activities that support the learning process.

Planning for learner interaction: Considering activities and strategies to ensure active student participation and interaction with the content and with their peers

4. Evaluation and assessment

This final stage focuses on measuring how well students have achieved the instructional objectives and the effectiveness of the teaching process. This includes: 

Selecting appropriate evaluation devices: Choosing assessment tools (e.g., quizzes, tests, projects, essays, presentations, rubrics, observations) to gauge student learning and understanding.

Planning for feedback and remediation: Determining how to provide students with feedback on their learning and identify areas where they might need additional support or remediation