Which of the following is the compound with the chemical formula H2SO4
ANitric Acid
BSulfuric Acid
CSulfurous Acid
DHydrogen Sulfide
Answer:
B. Sulfuric Acid
Read Explanation:
Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
- Sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with the chemical formula H2SO4.
- It is also known by the historical name oil of vitriol.
- Industrial Significance: It is one of the most important industrial chemicals produced globally. Its production volume is often used as an indicator of a country's industrial strength.
- Major Uses:
- Fertilizer Production: The largest single use of sulfuric acid is in the production of phosphate fertilizers, such as superphosphate of lime and ammonium sulfate.
- Chemical Manufacturing: It is used in the production of numerous other chemicals, including hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, dyes, pigments, detergents, and explosives.
- Petroleum Refining: Used as a catalyst in the refining of petroleum.
- Metal Processing: Employed in pickling (cleaning) of metals, electroplating, and metallurgy.
- Battery Acid: It is the electrolyte in lead-acid batteries, commonly used in automobiles.
- Discovery and History:
- The exact origin is unknown, but it was known to alchemists in the Middle Ages.
- It was first isolated by Persian alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber) around the 8th century.
- In the 13th century, alchemists in Europe were able to produce it by distilling green vitriol (iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate).
- Properties:
- It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid.
- It is hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the air.
- It is a strong oxidizing agent.
- It reacts exothermically (releases heat) when diluted with water.
- Safety: Due to its corrosive nature, sulfuric acid must be handled with extreme care, wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves, goggles, and protective clothing.